研究报告
唐宜西,张小玲,徐敬,赵秀娟,马志强,孟伟.北京城区和郊区本底站大气污染物浓度的多时间尺度变化特征[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(8):2783-2793
北京城区和郊区本底站大气污染物浓度的多时间尺度变化特征
- Multi-temporal scale variations of atmospheric pollutants concentrations in rural and urban areas of Beijing
- 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划课题(No.2014BAC23B01,2014BAC23B03);北京市科技计划课题(No.Z141100001014013);公益性行业(气象)专项(No.GYHY201206015);国家自然科学基金项目(No.41305130)
- 唐宜西
- 京津冀环境气象预报预警中心, 北京 100089
- 张小玲
- 1. 京津冀环境气象预报预警中心, 北京 100089;2. 中国气象局北京城市气象研究所, 北京 100089
- 徐敬
- 京津冀环境气象预报预警中心, 北京 100089
- 赵秀娟
- 京津冀环境气象预报预警中心, 北京 100089
- 马志强
- 京津冀环境气象预报预警中心, 北京 100089
- 孟伟
- 京津冀环境气象预报预警中心, 北京 100089
- 摘要:利用北京城区海淀宝联站(HD)和上甸子本底站(SDZ)2005-2012连续8年的大气污染物(PM2.5、O3、NO2、SO2和CO)浓度观测数据进行统计分析,揭示北京城区和郊区主要污染物浓度变化特征、超标情况及其差异.主要结论如下:1连续8年北京城区、郊区PM2.5浓度整体呈缓慢下降趋势,但污染水平仍较高.海淀宝联站和上甸子本底站的PM2.5年均浓度从奥运前3年(2005-2007)的平均值87.1μg·m-3和53.4μg·m-3分别下降到奥运后5年(2008-2012)的平均值67.7μg·m-3和42.1μg·m-3.奥运后5年两站PM2.5年均浓度变化不大,其中城区维持在66~70μg·m-3的高浓度水平.城区PM2.5浓度为3级以上的超标日在四季的发生频率相当,4级和5级以上的超标日则多发生在秋、冬季;各季平均日变化趋势均为双峰双谷型,上下班交通高峰期对PM2.5浓度日变化有重要影响.2城区站O3年均浓度前5年(2006-2010)逐年下降,之后浓度开始回升,而本底站O3年均浓度在此期间变化不大,近6年(2007-2012)维持在72.4~76.3μg·m-3.城、郊O3平均日变化均呈单峰型,其中上甸子站峰值出现时刻晚于城区海淀宝联站.32005-2012年北京城区其它气态污染物浓度(NO2、SO2和CO)总体均呈缓慢下降趋势,但在2012年浓度有所反弹,城区站气态污染物在秋、冬季的平均浓度均显著高于春、夏季.
- Abstract:Based on observed data of PM2.5 and gaseous materials (O3, NO2, SO2 and CO) at Beijing urban (HD) and background (SDZ) stations from 2005 to 2012, the multi-temporal scale (annual, seasonal, monthly and diurnal) variations of atmospheric pollutants concentrations in Beijing are analyzed. The results show that the annual mean concentration of PM2.5 decreases from 87.1 μg·m-3and 53.4 μg·m-3 at HD and SDZ, respectively, from 2005 to 2007 to 67.7 μg·m-3 and 42.1 μg·m-3 from 2008 to 2012. Since 2008, PM2.5 annual concentration at HD maintains the high level of 66~70 μg·m-3 with slight changes. Frequencies of PM2.5 occurrences at Level Ⅲ or above are similar during all four seasons at HD, while those at Level IV or above are much greater in autumn and winter. The diurnal variation of PM2.5 with two obvious peaks and troughs is effected by the rush hours. Generally, the annual mean concentration of O3 decreases from 2006 to 2010 and increases from 2011 to 2012 at HD. In comparison, the annual mean concentration of O3 at SDZ changes little, ranging from 72.4 μg·m-3 to 76.3 μg·m-3. The average diurnal variations of O3 show single-peak type at Both HD and SDZ while the single peak at SDZ appears later than that in HD. Concentration of NO/SO2/CO at HD decreases slowly during 2005-2012 and begins to increase in 2012. All these concentrations are much higher in autumn and winter than those in spring and summer at HD.
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