研究报告
张琦,李庆,蒋靖坤,邓建国,段雷,郝吉明.一套民用固体燃料燃烧大气污染物排放测试系统的搭建和评测[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(9):3393-3399
一套民用固体燃料燃烧大气污染物排放测试系统的搭建和评测
- A measurement system to characterize air pollutant emissions from residential solid fuel combustion
- 基金项目：国家重点基础研究发展规划（973）项目（No.2013CB228505）；北京市科技新星计划（No.Z141109001814057）
- 作者
- 单位
- 张琦
- 清华大学环境学院, 北京 100084
- 李庆
- 清华大学环境学院, 北京 100084
- 蒋靖坤
- 清华大学环境学院, 北京 100084
- 邓建国
- 清华大学环境学院, 北京 100084
- 段雷
- 清华大学环境学院, 北京 100084
- 郝吉明
- 清华大学环境学院, 北京 100084
- 摘要：为研究民用固体燃料燃烧的大气污染物排放特征，设计了一套箱式稀释采样测试系统.相比于常用的烟罩法和烟道采样法，该系统能减小环境空气中颗粒物对测试结果的影响，同时收集了炉具泄漏的烟气，能更准确获得固体燃料燃烧的大气污染物排放水平.本文介绍了该系统的设计思路、主要结构组成和测试系统的性能评估结果.评估结果表明：进气经过滤后颗粒物浓度显著下降至约1 μg·m-3，远小于燃烧过程中排放的颗粒物浓度（约100 μg·m-3），有效减少环境空气中颗粒物对测试结果的干扰；使用箱式法测得PM2.5、SO2和NOx排放因子结果均高于箱体敞开的对照组测试，证明箱式法收集测试了燃烧时泄漏至室内的污染物，有效减少污染物泄漏造成的误差.利用该系统测试了12种常见民用煤和3种生物质燃料燃烧 PM2.5、SO2、NOx等污染物排放水平，其中民用煤PM2.5、SO2和NOx排放因子分别为0.23～3.40 mg·g-1、0.48～6.15 mg·g-1和0.16～1.09 mg·g-1，生物质燃料的PM2.5、SO2和NOx排放因子分别为6.26～39.76 mg·g-1、0.04～0.23 mg·g-1和0.05～0.76 mg·g-1.
- Abstract：A chamber dilution measurement system was designed to characterize air pollutant emissions from residential solid fuel combustion. Compared with commonly used hood and stack sampling methods, this system can reduce the interference from ambient air and prevent the leaking of pollutants from tested stoves. We report the design, evaluation, and application of this system. It was found that background particulate matter concentration was reduced significantly to ~1 μg·m-3 by using high efficient filters in the measurement system, which was much lower than particulate matter emitted from typical residential combustion (~100 μg·m-3). Emission factors of PM2.5, SO2 and NOx measured with this new system were higher than those measured with open chamber which simulates hood and stack sampling methods. It was confirmed that the chamber dilution measurement system can significantly reduce leaking of pollutants in traditional methods. Using the new system, 12 typical residential coal samples and 3 biomass fuels were tested in a residential stove recommended by Beijing government. When burning coals, measured emission factors of PM2.5, SO2 and NOx ranged from 0.23~3.40 mg·g-1, 0.48~6.15 mg·g-1, and 0.16~1.09 mg·g-1, respectively. When burning biomass, measured emission factors of PM2.5, SO2 and NOxr anged from 6.26~39.76 mg·g-1, 0.04~0.23 mg·g-1, and 0.05~0.76 mg·g-1, respectively.
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