研究报告
郭冬楠,臧淑英,赵光影,王丽岩.排水造林对小兴安岭湿地土壤溶解性有机碳生物降解和淋溶的影响[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(7):2631-2637
排水造林对小兴安岭湿地土壤溶解性有机碳生物降解和淋溶的影响
- Effect of wetland drainage on dissolved organic carbon biodegradation and leaching in Xiaoxing' an Mountains
- 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（No.41301082，4157012165）；黑龙江省博士后资助项目（No.LRB13-200）
- 作者
- 单位
- 郭冬楠
- 黑龙江省普通高等学校地理环境遥感监测重点实验室, 哈尔滨师范大学, 哈尔滨 150025
- 臧淑英
- 黑龙江省普通高等学校地理环境遥感监测重点实验室, 哈尔滨师范大学, 哈尔滨 150025
- 赵光影
- 黑龙江省普通高等学校地理环境遥感监测重点实验室, 哈尔滨师范大学, 哈尔滨 150025
- 王丽岩
- 中国气象影视制作中心, 北京 100081
- 摘要：以小兴安岭湿地为研究对象，分析了不同年代排水造林的森林沼泽湿地土壤溶解性有机碳（DOC）含量变化及生物降解特征，探讨了排水造林时间对土壤DOC及无机氮（NH+4-N+NO-3-N）淋溶动态变化的影响。结果表明：1排水造林时间对土壤DOC含量变化影响显著（p<0.05）。2003年（PS03）、1992年（PS92）、1985年（PS85）排水造林后的人工兴安落叶松湿地土壤DOC含量均低于未排水造林的天然兴安落叶松苔草湿地（XATC），且排水造林时间越长，土壤DOC含量越少。2在生物降解过程中，土壤DOC的变化趋势表现为初期降解速率较快，而后逐渐减慢并趋于稳定。其中周转时间为1 d的易降解DOC所占比重表现为：PS92>XATC>PS03>PS85，表明排水时间达到一定阈值后，易降解DOC部分可能会转化为难降解部分。3在淋溶过程中，随着淋溶次数的增加，淋出液中DOC含量呈现为先增加后减小的趋势，淋溶1 d后，不同年代排水造林的森林沼泽湿地土壤DOC的淋失率表现为：PS85>PS92>PS03>XATC，表明排水造林时间越长，土壤DOC淋失率越大，因此长时间的排水造林改造可能进一步影响土壤养分的贮量及其有效性。
- Abstract：Taking the wetland soil in Xiaoxing' an Mountains as the test object, this study analyzed the change of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content and its biodegradable characteristics in forest swamp wetland with different drainage afforestation time. The effect of drainage afforestation time on the leaching dynamic variation of DOC and inorganic nitrogen (NH+4-N+NO-3-N) was investigated. Results indicated that drainage afforestation time significantly impacted the DOC content in soil (p<0.05). Compared with the DOC content of larix gmelini wetland after drainage afforestation in 2003, 1992, and 1985, natural larix gmelini sedge wetland was higher. With the increasing of drainage afforestation time, DOC content gradually decreased. During the process of biodegradation, DOC degradation rate was high in the initial period, then gradually slowed down and kept in stable. The proportion of easily degradable DOC in one day showed the following sequence: PS92>XATC>PS03>PS85. When drainage afforestation time reached a certain threshold, biodegradable DOC may transform into uneasily degradable sections. In the process of leaching, with the increase of leaching number, DOC content in the leaching solution increased at first and then declined. After one day's leaching, leaching rate of forest swamp wetland in different drainage afforestation time showed the following sequence: PS85>PS92>PS03>XATC, which indicated that the leaching rate increased with the drainage afforestation time. Therefore the progress of drainage afforestation may affect the storage of soil nutrient and its effectiveness in a large extent.
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