研究报告
张维康,王兵,牛香.北京市常见树种叶片吸滞颗粒物能力时间动态研究[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(10):3840-3847
北京市常见树种叶片吸滞颗粒物能力时间动态研究
- Dynamic research on particulates-absorbing capacities of common tree species leaves in Beijing over time
- 基金项目：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项基金（No.CAFBB2016QA007）；林业公益性行业科研专项（No.20130430101）
- 作者
- 单位
- 张维康
- 沈阳农业大学林学院, 沈阳 110866
- 王兵
- 1. 中国林科院森林生态环境与保护研究所, 北京 100091;2. 北京林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心, 北京 102206
- 牛香
- 1. 中国林科院森林生态环境与保护研究所, 北京 100091;2. 北京林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心, 北京 102206
- 摘要：目前，以显微镜观察叶片微观结构已被证明是研究叶片吸滞颗粒物机理的有效方法.本文利用颗粒物再悬浮法和原子力显微镜，观察了北京市主要园林树种吸滞颗粒物的能力和叶片的表面特征，并探讨了不同树种吸滞颗粒物能力随时间变化的规律及叶片微观结构对滞尘能力的影响.结果表明：①针叶树种吸滞总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）能力大于阔叶树种，排序为：油松（（27.13±0.44）μg·cm-2）>白皮松（（10.74±0.23）μg·cm-2）> 五角枫（（8.24±0.18）μg·cm-2）> 柳树（（7.71±0.18）μg·cm-2）> 银杏（（6.43±0.17）μg·cm-2）> 杨树（（6.17±0.19）μg·cm-2），不同时间段树种滞尘能力不一致；②观测期间，针叶树种吸滞TSP和粗颗粒物（PM10）能力随月份呈U型趋势，在8、9和10月最低，随后又逐渐上升，而阔叶树种吸滞颗粒物能力则呈倒U型趋势，在7、8月最高，但不同树种吸滞细颗粒物（PM2.5）能力随时间变化均无明显规律性；③通过对叶片表面原子力显微镜（AFM）结构观测发现，叶片表面粗糙度越大，其吸滞颗粒物能力越强.
- Abstract：It has been proven that the microstructure observation for leaves though microscope is an effective method in studying the mechanism of leaves absorbing atmospheric particulates. In this paper, the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Resuspended Particulates Method were applied for studying the leaf adsorption ability of particles and leaf surface features on the main garden tree species in Beijing. Meantime, the patterns of particulates-absorbing capacities with time for different tree species and the effect of leaves surface features on the particulates-absorbing capacities were also explored. The results showed that coniferous tree species absorbed more total suspended particulates (TSP) of unit leaf area than broad-leaved tree species. The specific order was Pinus tabuliformis ((27.13±0.44) μg·cm-2) > Pinus bungeana ((10.74±0.23) μg·cm-2) > Salix matsudana((8.24±0.18) μg·cm-2) > Acer truncatum ((7.71±0.18) μg·cm-2) > Ginkgo biloba ((6.43±0.17) μg·cm-2) > Populus tomentosa ((6.17±0.19) μg·cm-2). There were significant differences for the particulates-absorbing capacities in various periods. During the entire observation, the seasonal pattern of coniferous tree species absorbing TSP and coarse particulates (PM10) was U-shape with the lowest value in August, September and October. In comparison, broad-leaved tree species presented an inverse U-shaped seasonal pattern with the highest value in July and August. There were no obvious patterns for the tested tree species absorbing fine particulates (PM2.5). AFM observation on leaf surface topography showed that the greater the leaves roughness was, the stronger adsorptive capacities of leaves.
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