研究报告
孔露露,周启星.生物炭输入土壤对其石油烃微生物降解力的影响[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(11):4199-4207
生物炭输入土壤对其石油烃微生物降解力的影响
- Effects of biochar input on biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil
- 基金项目：国家高技术研究发展计划项目（No.2013AA06A205）；教育部创新团队发展计划项目（No.IRT13024）
- 作者
- 单位
- 孔露露
- 石家庄学院资源与环境科学学院, 石家庄 050035
- 周启星
- 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室/天津市城市生态环境修复与污染防治重点实验室, 天津 300071
- 摘要：以木屑和麦秆为原料，在300℃和500℃下热解制备生物炭，分析了生物炭输入对大港油田污染土壤中总石油烃及其组分（正链烷烃nC8~C40和16种PAHs）微生物降解效果的影响.结果表明，生物炭输入强化了土壤中总石油烃及其组分的生物降解.生物炭原料的选取对烷烃降解影响显著，对PAHs影响较小；高温制备生物炭对污染物降解的强化效果较好，这归因于生物炭表面性质和降解微生物种类的不同.土壤中加入生物炭后，低环PAHs的降解效率显著高于高环PAHs.添加典型的土壤易分解有机质（葡萄糖）产生正激发作用，导致生物炭矿化，促进了烷烃降解，抑制了PAHs的去除.可见，生物炭输入可有效促进石油烃的微生物降解，对修复石油污染土壤起正效应.
- Abstract：A series of biochars were produced by the pyrolysis of sawdust and wheat straw under 300℃ and 500℃, and their effects on removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and the components (n-alkanes and PAHs) in contaminated soils of Dagang oil field were evaluated. Results showed that biodegradation efficiency of TPHs and the components increased significantly after adding biochars. The biomass materials of biochars effectively influenced the bioavailability of n-alkanes (nC8~C40) in soil, but showed no apparent effects on PAHs; addition of biochars prepared under 500℃ significantly promoted biodegradation of n-alkanes and PAHs, which was attributed to the difference in biochar surface characteristics and microorganisms to degrade the pollutants. Addition of biochars significantly reduced low-molecular weight PAHs (LMW-PAHs) compared to that of high-molecular weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs). This is reasonable due to greater mobility of LMW-PAHs than HMW-PAHs. Addition of glucose as typical labile organic carbon (LOC) accelerated biochar mineralization (known as positive priming effect), resulting in the exposure of pores previously blocked the refractory fractions on the surface of biochar. As a consequence, n-alkanes biodegradation increased but PAHs biodegradation declined. These results suggest that biochars are good candidate for petroleum-contaminated soil amendment.
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