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研究报告

The determining of technology-based effluent limitations of enterprise water pollutants and case study

摘要：对比研究了国内外基于技术的排污许可限值确定现状，分析了我国确定现状的不足之处.并借鉴美国基于技术的排污许可限值确定体系，结合我国实际情况，突破传统的简单以行业排放标准、环评报告、国家分配的目标总量等为依据的排污许可限值核定方式，提出了基于技术的排污许可限值确定流程.同时，设计出企业递交申请材料-数据初步审核-调查取样和实验分析-数据汇总和限值计算的排污许可限值确定技术流程，详细分析了污染物指标和两种限值——浓度限值及总量限值的确定方法.最后，以铁岭市企业为例，进行基于技术的排污许可限值计算的示范，并参照《水污染排放总量监测技术规范》和《肉类加工工业水污染物排放标准》，选取悬浮物、COD、动植物油、氨氮作为排污许可证监管项目.研究发现，参照美国国家污染物排放削减体系以COD为例进行最大浓度限值、年总量限值、日最大总量限值的计算，计算结果分别为50 mg·L^-1、6.1 t、33.4 kg.结果表明，在此基础上形成了完整的技术方案，可为本行业和其他行业基于技术的排污许可限值的确定提供依据，并为排污许可证制度的实施提供技术支持.

Abstract：The recent domestic and foreign progress of the technology-based effluent limitations (TBELs) was compared and the research gap in China was summarized. Considering the TBELs system in the U.S and China, the protocol for the determination of TBELs was provided, replacing the traditional approaches according to industry discharge standards, environmental impact assessment, and national total discharge load limitation, etc. The process includes submission of enterprise application materials, preliminary data check, investigation and monitoring, data reviewing and TBELs estimation. The technical procedures for the determination of the pollutant indices, the concentration and load limits were given in detail. The TBLEs estimation method was then demonstrated with Tieling as an example. Under the standards of technical requirements for monitoring of total amount of pollutants in waste water and discharge standard of water pollutants for meat packing industry, the pollutants SS, COD, animal and vegetable oil and NH₄⁺-N were set as TBLEs indices. By referring to the U.S National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), the maximum daily concentration limit, annual amount limit and daily amount limit were calculated for COD, and the final results were 50 mg·L^-1, 6.1 t, 33.4 kg respectively. The integrated technical methods can also be used to estimate TBLEs of other industries or enterprises, which is the basis of the discharge permit system.