• 关键词：北京  城市森林  PM₁₀  典型天气  时空变化

• 基金项目：国家林业局林业公益性行业科研专项（No.20130430101）；科技创新服务能力建设-协同创新中心-林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心（2011协同创新中心）（市级）项目（No.PXM2016_014207_000038）；北京市农林科学院科技创新团队项目（No.JWKST201609）

• 鲁绍伟
• 北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所, 林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心, 北京 100093

• 柳晓娜
• 北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083

• 刘斌
• 河北农业大学林学院, 保定 071000

• 陈军丽
• 北京市大兴区南海子郊野公园管理处, 北京 102600

• 李少宁
• 北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所, 林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心, 北京 100093

• 陈波
• 北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所, 林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心, 北京 100093

• 摘要：以北京市大兴区南海子公园植被区与亦庄非植被区为研究对象，对比分析了植被区与非植被区PM₁₀质量浓度日变化、月变化特征及典型天气条件下的变化.结果表明：PM₁₀浓度的日变化趋势基本相同，呈典型的双峰曲线，春、夏季的峰值出现在9：00-10：00和18：00-19：00，秋、冬季的峰值出现在8：00-9：00和18：00-19：00，且秋、冬季PM₁₀浓度高于春、夏季；植被区与非植被区的PM₁₀月变化趋势基本一致，植被区PM₁₀浓度低于非植被区，且2月份PM₁₀浓度最大；各季节优良天气排序为夏季（42.60%）> 秋季（31.10%）> 春季（26.43%）> 冬季（15.17%），中度及以上污染天气所占比例排序为冬季（55.52%）> 春季（27.57%）> 秋季（17.77%）> 夏季（3.58%）；PM₁₀浓度随降雨强度的增加呈减小的变化趋势，雨前12 h的PM₁₀浓度均值表现为植被区（106.43 μg·m^-3）<非植被区（157.39 μg·m^-3），雨后12 h的PM₁₀浓度均值表现为植被区（50.96 μg·m^-3）>非植被区（38.41 μg·m^-3）；PM₁₀浓度随风速的增大呈减小的变化趋势，风后12 h的非植被区PM₁₀浓度削减率均值是植被区的1.23倍，且PM₁₀浓度削减率均处于较高水平；PM₁₀浓度随空气湿度的增大呈增大的变化趋势，随温度的升高呈减小的变化趋势.研究结果对进一步治理和控制北京市大气污染有参考价值.

• Abstract：This paper observed diurnal and monthly variations of PM₁₀ concentrations and its variations under typical weather conditions in vegetation area of Daxing Nanhaizi Forest Park and non-vegetation area of Yizhuang in Beijiang City. Results showed that the diurnal variation of PM₁₀ concentration were similar with a typical bimodal curve. The peaks appeared at 9:00-10:00 and 18:00-19:00 in spring and summer, and 8:00-9:00 and 18:00-19:00 in autumn and winter. The PM₁₀ concentrations were higher in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. The monthly variation trends of PM₁₀ concentrations in vegetation area and non-vegetation area were also similar. The PM₁₀ concentration was lower in vegetation area than in non-vegetation area with the maximum value in February. The proportion of attainment days in different seasons was summer (42.60%) > autumn (31.10%) > spring (26.43%)>winter (15.17%), while that of moderate and heavily pollution days was winter(55.52%) > spring (27.57%) > autumn (17.77%) > summer (3.58%). Rainfall was negatively correlated with PM₁₀ concentration. 12 hours before the rain, the mean PM₁₀ concentration was lower in vegetation area (106.43 μg·m^-3) than non-vegetation area (157.39 μg·m^-3), while higher PM₁₀ concentration in vegetation area (50.96 μg·m^-3) than non-vegetation area (38.41 μg·m^-3) was found 12 hours after the rain. Wind speed was negatively correlated with PM₁₀ concentration. The mean reduction rate of PM₁₀ concentration in non-vegetation was 1.23 times higher than in vegetation area 12 hours after wind. PM₁₀ concentration was positively correlated with relative humidity, but negatively correlated with temperature. The results would contribute to the further treatment and control of air pollution in Beijing.

• Key words：Beijing  urban forests  PM₁₀  typical weather conditions  spatial and temporal variation

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