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研究报告

Investigation on concentrations and spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in human hair of residents in Shanghai City

基金项目：国家自然科学基金（No.41473094）；科技基础性工作专项（No.2014FY210600）；上海市自然科学基金项目（No.14ZR1412100）；国家自然科学基金人才培养项目（No.J1310028）资助

摘要：采集上海市15个区（不包括崇明县），年龄在0~80岁之间的84例居民人发样品作为研究对象，着重分析上海市居民头发中镉（Cd）、铜（Cu）、铅（Pb）和锌（Zn）4种重金属元素含量，探究其与年龄的关系及空间分布特征.结果显示，上海市居民头发中Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn 4种重金属平均含量均在正常范围内，Cd含量为（0.11±0.19）μg·g^-1，Cu为（11.42±8.75）μg·g^-1，Pb为（1.64±2.12）μg·g^-1，Zn为（121.20±106.59）μg·g^-1，与国内外其他地区相比，上海市居民这4种重金属的污染水平较低.单因素方差分析（one-way ANOVA）表明，Pb和Cd含量的高值集中于0~10岁儿童，且与其他年龄段有显著差异，说明儿童较容易受到Pb和Cd的污染；利用样本数据进行反距离加权插值（IDW），得到上海市居民头发中4种重金属含量的空间分布规律，其中发Pb和发Cd含量呈现出由市区向郊区递减的变化特征.

Abstract：The aim of this study was to reveal spatial and age distribution of the potential exposure to heavy mental elements of residents in Shanghai. Hair samples from 84 volunteers aged 0~80 from 15 different regions in Shanghai were analyzed to determine the contents of 4 heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn). Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were (0.11±0.19), (11.42±8.75), (1.64±2.12) and (121.20±106.59) μg·g^-1, respectively, all of which were within the normal ranges indicating low pollution levels of heavy metals to residents in Shanghai. One-way ANOVA analysis presented that the concentrations of Pb and Cd in human hair from 0 to 10 years old children were significantly higher than those of the other age groups, which suggested that children were easier affected by Pb and Cd pollution. The spatial distribution maps of heavy metal concentrations in human hear derived from inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation implied a decreasing trend of heavy metals in human hair from urban area to suburban area.