• 关键词：公园  地表灰尘  PAHs  污染  健康风险  开封市

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金（No.41430637，41171409，41201211）；河南省科技厅项目（No.142102310251）；河南省高校科技创新团队支持计划资助项目（No.16IRTSTHN012）

• 段海静
• 1 河南大学资源与环境研究所, 开封 475004;2 黄河文明传承与现代文明建设协同创新中心, 开封 475001

• 蔡晓强
• 开封市环境监测站, 开封 475000

• 陈轶楠
• 1 河南大学资源与环境研究所, 开封 475004;2 黄河文明传承与现代文明建设协同创新中心, 开封 475001

• 阮心玲
• 1 河南大学资源与环境研究所, 开封 475004;2 黄河文明传承与现代文明建设协同创新中心, 开封 475001

• 仝致琦
• 1 河南大学资源与环境研究所, 开封 475004;2 黄河文明传承与现代文明建设协同创新中心, 开封 475001

• 马建华
• 1 河南大学资源与环境研究所, 开封 475004;2 黄河文明传承与现代文明建设协同创新中心, 开封 475001

• 摘要：应用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）测定了开封市相国寺、铁塔公园、龙亭公园、清明上河园等4个公园的53个地表灰尘样品中的16种优控多环芳烃（PAHs）含量，并分析了PAHs的来源、组成、污染水平和健康风险.结果表明：样品∑PAHs含量在332.20~7535.10 μg·kg^-1之间，平均值为1320.10 μg·kg^-1，其中，单体PAHs以菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并（a）蒽、苯并（b）荧蒽和苯并（a）芘等4~5环化合物含量较高；相国寺、铁塔公园、龙亭公园灰尘分别达到重度、中度、轻度PAHs污染，清明上河园未检测到PAHs污染.终生癌症风险增量模型（ILCRs）评价结果显示，儿童健康风险高于成人，皮肤接触灰尘PAHs是导致儿童和成人高风险的最主要暴露途径，其次是手口摄入途径.灰尘PAHs综合致癌风险（CR）的顺序为相国寺>铁塔公园>龙亭公园>清明上河园，其中，相国寺的CR超过10^-6，存在人体可耐受的致癌风险，其他公园不存在健康风险.影响公园灰尘PAHs含量、污染程度和健康风险的因素非常复杂，是建园时间、地理位置、公园性质、游客密度及周边环境状况等多种因素综合的结果.灰尘PAHs主要来源于石油、煤和生物质不完全燃烧，以及石油泄漏等.

• Abstract：Fifty-three surface dust samples collected from four parks in Kaifeng City, China, were analyzed for 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Meanwhile, the occurrence and health risk of PAHs in these areas were analyzed. While the contamination level of PAHs was analyzed by using the Nemerow composite index (P), the health risk was evaluated based on the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and cancer risk (CR) model recommended by USEPA, respectively. Results showed that the ∑PAHs concentrations in the surface dust ranged from 332.20 to 7535.10 μg·kg^-1 with a mean of 1320.10 μg·kg^-1, which were dominated by the 4-and 5-ring PAHs (Phe, Ant, Flu, Pyr, BaA, BbF, BaP). The P values showed different pollution level of PAHs in the four parks as follows:seriously polluted in Xiangguosi Park (PX), moderately polluted in Tieta Park (PT), slightly polluted in Longting Park (PL) and precaution in Qingmingshanghe Park(PQ). The ILCR assessment indicated that the health risks for children exposed to dust-borne were considerably greater than those of adults, and for both adults and children the dermal contact was the predominant exposure path that induced a relatively higher risk, followed by the ingestion. The average CR decreased in the order of PX>PT>PL>PQ. The average CR of ∑PAHs in PX was higher than 10^-6. The history, features, geographical location, density of tourists and surrounding environment of parks were essential factors affecting the PAHs concentration, pollution level and CR in dusts. The analysis of sources apportionment indicated that petroleum emission, petroleum, biomass and coal combustion were the main sources of PAHs.

• Key words：park  surface dust  PAHs  pollution  health risk  Kaifeng City

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