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研究报告

Characteristics of CH₄ and N₂O emissions from municipal solid waste landfill and their influencing factors

基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（No.41375161）；江苏省自然科学基金（No.BK20151101）；中科院战略先导专项课题（No.XDA05020602）

摘要：对生活垃圾填埋场5个操作平台开展了为期1年的CH₄和N₂O释放通量监测，分析了填埋场CH₄和N₂O释放通量变化规律，并对CH₄和N₂O释放通量与CO₂释放通量之间相关关系及其影响因素进行了探讨.结果表明，生活垃圾填埋场是CH₄和N₂O释放的源，CH₄释放通量范围为（9.16±7.46）~（21287.03±128.70） mg· m^-2· h^-1 CH₄-C；N₂O释放通量范围为（31.74±16.00）~（17089.31±7599.24）μg· m^-2· h^-1 N₂O-N；整个填埋场5个平台中CH₄和N₂O年释放总量分别约为86.17 Gg· a^-1、0.81 Gg·a^-1 CO₂当量，填埋场温室气体的减排主要是控制CH₄释放.生活垃圾填埋场是高度异质性体系，不同平台释放通量变化规律并不统一，N₂O与含水率呈显著负相关（p<0.05），两种气体释放通量与土壤温度均呈显著正相关关系（p<0.01），而与其他因素无明显相关关系.

Abstract：The emission fluxes of methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) from a municipal solid waste landfill (MSW) sites were investigated for the whole year around. The monthly variations of CH₄ and N₂O fluxes at MSW landfill sites were analyzed. The correlation of CH₄ and N₂O fluxes and its influencing mechanisms were explored. The result showed that landfill site of MSW was a large source of CH₄ and N₂O emissions. The range of CH₄ fluxes is (9.16±7.46)~(21287.03±128.70) mg·m^-2·h^-1 CH₄-C, and N₂O fluxes is (31.74±16.00)~(17089.31±7599.24) μg·m^-2·h^-1 N₂O-N. The main way to reduce CH₄ emission is to control the release. CH₄ and N₂O fluxes were about 86.17 Gg CO₂-eq and 0.81 Gg CO₂-eq each year from the entire landfill site by 5 platforms. The landfill was a highly heterogeneous system, and the variations of CH₄ and N₂O fluxes in different platforms were not uniform. N₂O flux was negatively correlated with water content in cover soil (p<0.05). CH₄ and N₂O fluxes were significantly positively correlated with soil temperature (p<0.01), while the correlations with other environmental influencing factors were not significant.

Key words：municipal solid waste landfill methane flux nitrous oxide flux landfill age influencing mechanism