研究报告

  • 刘芮伶,翟崇治,李礼,余家燕,刘敏,许丽萍,冯凝.重庆主城区夏秋季挥发性有机物(VOCs)浓度特征及来源研究[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(4):1260-1267

  • 重庆主城区夏秋季挥发性有机物(VOCs)浓度特征及来源研究
  • Concentration characteristics and source analysis of ambient VOCs in summer and autumn in the urban area of Chongqing
  • 基金项目:重庆市环境保护"五大行动"专项
  • 作者
  • 单位
  • 刘芮伶
  • 重庆市生态环境监测中心, 城市大气环境综合观测与污染防控重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 401147
  • 翟崇治
  • 重庆市生态环境监测中心, 城市大气环境综合观测与污染防控重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 401147
  • 李礼
  • 重庆市生态环境监测中心, 城市大气环境综合观测与污染防控重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 401147
  • 余家燕
  • 重庆市生态环境监测中心, 城市大气环境综合观测与污染防控重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 401147
  • 刘敏
  • 重庆市生态环境监测中心, 城市大气环境综合观测与污染防控重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 401147
  • 许丽萍
  • 重庆市生态环境监测中心, 城市大气环境综合观测与污染防控重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 401147
  • 冯凝
  • 北京大学深圳研究生院环境与能源学院, 城市人居环境科学与技术重点实验室, 深圳 518055
  • 摘要:利用在线GC-MS/FID,对重庆主城区2015年夏、秋季大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)开展了为期1个月的观测.结果发现,监测期间主城区总挥发性有机物(TVOCs)体积分数为41.35×10-9,烷烃占比最大,其次是烯炔烃、芳香烃和含氧性挥发性有机物(OVOCs),卤代烃占比最小.将本次研究结果同以往研究结果比较发现,高乙炔浓度可能受交通源排放的影响,而乙烯和乙烷浓度的大幅度降低则得益于主城区化工企业的大举搬迁.通过最大增量反应活性(MIR)估算VOCs的臭氧生成潜势(OFP)发现,芳香烃(32.1%)和烯烃(30.6%)对臭氧生成的贡献最为显著,其中以乙烯、乙醛和间/对二甲苯的OFP最强,因此,对烯烃和芳香烃的削减能有效控制大气中O3的生成.通过PMF模型共解析出5个因子,主要为生物源及二次生成、其他交通源、天然气交通源、溶剂源和工业源.从5个因子对VOCs的贡献百分比可以看出,重庆城区交通源贡献最大(50.4%),其次是工业源和溶剂源的贡献(> 30%),生物源及二次生成的贡献最小.
  • Abstract:Ambient VOCs in summer and autumn in the urban areas of Chongqing were monitored using on-line GC-MS/FID for 30 d. The total VOCs (TVOCs) concentration was 41.35×10-9, and alkane was the most abundant type of VOCs, followed by (alkenes + alkynes), aromatics, OVOCs and halocarbons. Compared with previous studies, higher acetylene concentration was caused by traffic emission, while lower ethane and ethylene concentrations were due to relocation of chemical industries. The maximum incremental reaction (MIR) analysis was used to estimate ozone formation potential (OFP) of VOCs. The result showed that aromatics and alkenes played dominant roles for OFP, and ethylene, acetaldehyde and m/p-xylene were the major contributors. Reducing ambient alkenes and aromatics would be effective in ozone control. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was adopted for VOCs source apportionment. Five factors were identified, including CNG traffic, other traffic, industry, solvent use, and biogenic and secondary formation. Traffic (GNC+other) contributed the largest fraction (about 50.4%) to the total VOCs, followed by industry and solvent use (> 30%). Biogenic and secondary formation was minor contributor for total VOCs.

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