• 关键词：冬水田  甲烷  影响因子  相关性

• 基金项目：国家重点基础研究发展计划（No.2012CB417106）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金（No.2662016PY098）

• 贺冬冬
• 华中农业大学资源与环境学院, 武汉 430070

• 周维
• 华中农业大学资源与环境学院, 武汉 430070

• 陈霖
• 华中农业大学资源与环境学院, 武汉 430070

• 任晓静
• 华中农业大学资源与环境学院, 武汉 430070

• 莫永亮
• 华中农业大学资源与环境学院, 武汉 430070

• 朱波
• 中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所, 成都 610041

• 胡荣桂
• 华中农业大学资源与环境学院, 武汉 430070

• 摘要：以川中丘陵地区典型冬水田为对象，设置了有水稻常规施肥（RF）、无水稻常规施肥（NP）、有水稻无氮肥（NN）3种处理，以静态暗箱-气相色谱法对甲烷（CH₄）排放进行了原位观测.结果表明，RF、NP和NN处理下CH₄排放通量分别为-0.0042~18.29、0.03~16.78和0.10~26.76 mg·m^-2·h^-1，平均排放通量分别为10.22、4.25和14.15 mg·m^-2·h^-1（以每平方米每小时消耗/产生的C量（mg）计），水稻生长季是主要排放期，但休闲季CH₄排放量仍占全年CH₄总排放量的14%.没有水稻处理的CH₄排放量显著低于有水稻处理（p<0.01）；而不施氮肥处理的CH₄排放量显著高于施肥处理（p<0.01）.CH₄排放通量与5 cm深土壤温度呈显著正相关（p<0.01），随着温度的升高，甲烷排放量呈指数增加.CH₄排放通量与1~4 cm的稻田水深呈显著负相关（p<0.01），随着水深的增加，甲烷的排放呈指数迅速下降；而与4~8 cm的稻田水深无相关性，甲烷的排放也变化缓慢.由此表明，土壤温度和水深在很大程度上调控着CH₄的排放.此外，研究结果也显示将冬水田休闲期改为旱作可减少CH₄排放，对环境有利.

• Abstract：This study was conducted to investigate CH₄ fluxes and associated environmental factors from a typical winter paddy field in the hilly region of central Sichuan Province. Three treatments were set, i.e. rice-flooded fallow rotation (RF), no plant (NP) and no nitrogen fertilizer (NN). CH₄ fluxes were analyzed by the static opaque chamber and gas chromatography techniques. The results showed that CH₄ fluxes from treatments of RF, NP and NN varied from -0.0042~18.29, 0.03~16.78 and 0.10~26.76 mg·m^-2·h^-1, with average fluxes of 10.22, 4.25 and 14.15 mg·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. The emissions of CH₄ mainly occurred in a paddy soil during rice-growing season. However, emissions of CH₄ in non-cropping season accounted for 14% of the total annual emissions, which could not be ignored. CH₄ emission after treatment of RF was significantly higher than that of NP but lower than that of NN (p<0.01). CH₄ emissions were positively correlated with soil temperature at the 5 cm depth (p<0.01) due to the exponential increase of the amount of methane emissions with temperature. CH₄ fluxes were negatively related to water depth in 1~4 cm of paddy fields (p<0.01), which suggested that soil temperature and water depth significantly influenced the fluxes of CH₄. The study also indicated that wheat cultivation in paddy soils during non-cropping season might be an effective way to reduce the release of CH₄, which facilitated decreasing the emission of greenhouse gasses.

• Key words：winter flooded paddy field  methane  impact factors  correlation

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