• 关键词：小学校园  不同活动场所  重金属  生物可给性  淮南市

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（No.41371480）

• 武家园
• 安徽师范大学国土资源与旅游学院, 芜湖 241003

• 方凤满
• 安徽师范大学国土资源与旅游学院, 芜湖 241003

• 姚有如
• 安徽师范大学国土资源与旅游学院, 芜湖 241003

• 朱哲
• 安徽师范大学国土资源与旅游学院, 芜湖 241003

• 林跃胜
• 安徽师范大学国土资源与旅游学院, 芜湖 241003

• 朱慧萍
• 安徽师范大学国土资源与旅游学院, 芜湖 241003

• 摘要：利用PBET（Physiologically Based Extraction Test）体外胃肠模拟方法研究淮南市小学校园不同活动场所灰尘中8种典型重金属（Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、V和Zn）在胃肠阶段的生物可给量，并计算其生物可给性，采用US EPA人体健康风险评价方法，评估研究区灰尘重金属经手-口暴露途径摄入对儿童产生的健康风险.结果表明；与淮南市土壤环境背景值相比，淮南市小学校园不同活动场所灰尘重金属总量普遍偏高，累积量较大的是Cd、Zn、Pb和Cu，富集程度较高.对比分析不同活动场所灰尘重金属含量发现，楼道灰尘重金属在3种活动场所中富集程度较高，其中Cd富集水平最高，主要因为楼道灰尘重金属不仅来源于楼道内部金属栏杆扶手生锈老化和防腐防锈油漆使用，同时受到室外污染源的影响.相关分析和主成分分析表明，灰尘重金属主要来自室外交通活动、工业活动、自然源以及室内污染源，Cd主要来自燃煤活动.PBET法提取重金属可给量在胃和小肠阶段差异较大，Cd、Pb、V和Zn在胃阶段生物可给量高于肠阶段.对比不同活动场所灰尘重金属生物可给量发现，在胃肠阶段均表现为楼道灰尘重金属可给量高于操场灰尘和校门口灰尘.健康风险评估表明，Zn在不同活动场所灰尘中重金属日平均暴露量最高，非致癌风险商（HQ）小于1，在安全阈值之内，对儿童不存在非致癌风险.Cd、Co、Cr和Ni的致癌风险商（CR）大小顺序为楼道灰尘 > 操场灰尘 > 校门口灰尘，在人体可承受范围内.楼道灰尘重金属的总非致癌风险指数（HI）最大，达0.118，因暴露时间较长，对儿童的潜在危害不容忽视.

• Abstract：PBET (Physiologically Based Extraction Test) method was conducted to determine the bioaccessibility of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) in dust from different activity areas-corridors dust (CD), playgrounds dust (PG) and schools gates dust (SG), of an elementary schools in Huainan City. The US EPA human health risk model was applied to evaluate the children health risk assessment of the oral ingestion dust. The results showed that total concentrations of all heavy metals exceeded the environmental background values of Huainan soil heavy metals, especially Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu. In addition, heavy metals were more enriched in corridor dust than schools gate dust and playground dust, especially for Cd. This was mainly due to the combined effect of outdoor traffic and industrial emissions and the old metal handrails rusting and anti-corrosion paint. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that heavy metals mainly came from outdoor traffic activities, industrial activities, natural sources and indoor pollution sources, and Cd was mainly from coal combustion. The bioaccessible concentrations of these heavy metals in gastric and small intestinal phase were obviously different. The bioaccessible amount of Cd, Pb, V and Zn in the gastric phase were higher than those in the small intestinal phase. By comparing the bioaccessible amount of dust in different active areas, it was found that the bioaccessible amount of heavy metals in corridor dust) were higher than those in schools gate dust and playground dust. The health risk assessment indicated that Zn had the highest average chronic daily intake (CDI) in different active areas, while the HQ of Zn was less than 1 below the safety threshold values. Cancer risks (CR) of Cd, Co, Cr and Ni followed as: corridors > playgrounds > schools gates. CR of Cd, Co, Cr and Ni was lower than the threshold values. Hazard index (HI) of the dusts in corridors was 0.118 and was the largest among all activity areas in the elementary schools. Due to long pollutant exposure, the potential hazards for children cannot be ignored.

• Key words：elementary schools campus  different activity areas  heavy metal  bioaccessibility  Huainan City

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