研究报告
苏维,赖新云,赖胜男,古新仁,张志坚,张帅珺,黄国贤,刘苑秋.南昌市城市空气PM2.5和PM10时空变异特征及其与景观格局的关系[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(7):2431-2439
南昌市城市空气PM2.5和PM10时空变异特征及其与景观格局的关系
- Spatiotemporal variations of atmospheric PM2.5 and PM10 in Nanchang and its correlation with landscape pattern
- 基金项目：江西省重大自然基金项目（No.20152ACB20006）
- 作者
- 单位
- 苏维
- 1 江西农业大学林学院, 南昌 330045;2 河南科技大学林学院, 洛阳 471003
- 赖新云
- 南昌市环境监测站, 南昌 330038
- 赖胜男
- 江西农业大学林学院, 南昌 330045
- 古新仁
- 江西农业大学林学院, 南昌 330045
- 张志坚
- 江西农业大学林学院, 南昌 330045
- 张帅珺
- 江西农业大学林学院, 南昌 330045
- 黄国贤
- 江西农业大学林学院, 南昌 330045
- 刘苑秋
- 江西农业大学林学院, 南昌 330045
- 摘要：基于2013—2015年南昌市9个空气环境监测点的连续数据,分析了空气PM2.5、PM10质量浓度（以下简称浓度）的时空变异规律,并以景观格局指数为定量指标,研究了监测点的两种颗粒物浓度与其周边500 m半径、1000 m半径缓冲区的土地利用状况的关系.结果表明：①南昌市3年来PM2.5和PM10浓度逐年显著降低.②通过聚类分析,9个监测站依据颗粒物污染可分为4大类,表现出一致的城乡梯度差异.③在斑块类型水平上,PM2.5和PM10浓度与500、1000 m半径缓冲区的C-PLAND（建筑用地覆盖率）、C-SHDI（建筑用地多样性指数）显著正相关,与1000 m缓冲区的F-ED（林地边界密度）显著正相关；与F-PLAND（林地覆盖率）、C-Fi（建筑用地分离度指数）、F-MPS（林地平均斑块面积）显著负相关.在景观水平上,PM2.5和PM10浓度在500 m缓冲区与LPI（最大斑块所占景观比例）显著负相关；与1000 m缓冲区的MPS（平均斑块面积）显著负相关.景观格局指数直接反映土地利用状况,它与PM2.5和PM10浓度的相关性,表现出生态学中典型的"源汇景观"关系.
- Abstract：The mass concentration (MC) of atmospheric PM2.5 and PM10 from 9 sites of Nanchang city was collected continuously from 2013 to 2015, and its spatiotemporal pattern was explored. Furthermore, the correlation between atmospheric PM2.5 and PM10 MC and the land use status within 500 m and 1000 m scopes of 9 monitoring sites was analyzed by using landscape pattern metrics as a quantitative index. Our results revealed that PM2.5 and PM10 MC dramatically decreased in the past 3 years. The components of PM2.5 and PM10 MC can be divided into 4 categories by cluster analysis and showed an urban-rural gradient difference. The construction land percentage of landscape (C-PLAND) and construction land of shannon diversity (C-SHID) were positively correlated with the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 in both 500 m and 1000 m scopes, whereas the forest of edge density (F-ED) were positively correlated only in 1000 m buffer. In contrast, the forest land percentage of landscape (F-PLAND), construction land of separation index (C-FI) and mean forest patch area (F-MPS) were negatively correlated with PM2.5 and PM10 MC in 500 m and 1000 m scopes. In addition, the largest patch index (LPI) showed a negatively correlation with PM2.5 and PM10 MC in the 500 m scope, as well as the mean patch size (MPS) in the 1000 m scope. This study clearly revealed that the landscape index can directly reflect the status of land use and was strongly correlated with PM2.5 and PM10 MC, showing a typical sink-source landscape in ecology.
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