研究报告
叶琬,孟耀斌,史江红,逯超,周凌峰,伍甘霖.电子废弃物拆解厂排放多溴联苯醚和重金属的吸入性健康风险评估[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(7):2750-2758
电子废弃物拆解厂排放多溴联苯醚和重金属的吸入性健康风险评估
- Health risk assessment of PBDEs and heavy metals emitted from a formally operating e-waste dismantling plant
- 基金项目：中国履行斯德哥尔摩公约履约运行与管理（No.2024004016）；国家科技支撑计划"村镇环境评价与预警平台建设"资金（No.2012BAJ24B04）
- 作者
- 单位
- 叶琬
- 北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室, 地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室, 减灾与应急管理研究院, 北京 100875
- 孟耀斌
- 北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室, 地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室, 减灾与应急管理研究院, 北京 100875
- 史江红
- 南方科技大学环境科学与工程学院, 深圳 518055
- 逯超
- 北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室, 地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室, 减灾与应急管理研究院, 北京 100875
- 周凌峰
- 北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室, 地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室, 减灾与应急管理研究院, 北京 100875
- 伍甘霖
- 北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室, 地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室, 减灾与应急管理研究院, 北京 100875
- 摘要：以江苏某典型正规电子废弃物拆解厂为研究对象,在实测排放源数据的基础上,采用Calpuff大气扩散模式模拟其排放的多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）和重金属Pb、Cd大气浓度的区域与局部空间分布,进而对所排放PBDEs、Pb和Cd导致的健康风险进行评估.研究结果表明：在气象条件最为不利的情景下,污染物在东北、西南方向污染物扩散行为显著.PBDEs、Pb和Cd在区域空间范围的大气浓度最大值分别为3×10-6、8.6×10-5和3.6×10-6 μg·m-3,而局部范围的浓度则会高出一个数量级；其中BDE-209对于PBDEs的大气浓度贡献可达77%.在局部范围内,以HQ表达的PBDEs和Pb健康风险数值均在10-3以下,非致癌健康风险极低；BDE-209和Cd的终生致癌风险最大值为1.10×10-12与6.32×10-7,致癌风险可以忽略.该评估表明,正规操作的电子废弃物拆解厂的大气污染物不会对公共健康造成不可控风险.
- Abstract：Based on measured emission source data, this paper assesses the public health risk caused by the major pollutants from a formally operating e-waste dismantling plant in Jiangsu. The spatial distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and heavy metals Pb and Cd emitted from the plant were simulated with Calpuff model, and the simulated airborne concentrations were used to assess the public health risk in combination with the health effect thresholds reported in literature. We found that the northeast and southwest sites of the plant showed higher pollutant concentrations under the worst weather conditions. The maximum atmospheric concentrations of PBDEs, Pb and Cd at the regional scale were 3×10-6, 8.6×10-5 and 3.6×10-6 μg·m-3, respectively, and those at the local scale were one order of magnitude higher. The simulation also indicated that the deca-BDE congener of BDE-209 could account for 77% of total PBDEs. Based on these simulated concentrations, the health risk in terms of hazard quotient (HQ) of PBDEs and Pb were all below 10-3, indicating an extremely low non-carcinogenic health risk. Meanwhile, the maximum lifetime cancer risks of BDE-209 and Cd were estimated to be 1.10×10-12 and 6.32×10-7. Neither the non-carcinogenic risk nor the carcinogenic risk could be noticeable for current e-waste dismantling plant, implying that air pollutants from an adequately equipped and formally managed e-waste dismantling plant can be safe to the public health.
- Key words：calpuff e-waste dismantling plant polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) heavy metals health risk assessment
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