• 关键词：洱海  饮用水源  产毒微囊藻  微囊藻毒素  快速检测  生态风险

• 基金项目：国家基金委-广东省政府联合基金重点项目（No.U1501235）；广东省应用型科技研发专项重大项目（No.2015B020235008）

• 万翔
• 1. 水生生物研究中心, 暨南大学, 广州 510632;2. 热带亚热带水生态工程教育部工程研究中心, 暨南大学, 广州 510632

• 邰义萍
• 1. 水生生物研究中心, 暨南大学, 广州 510632;2. 热带亚热带水生态工程教育部工程研究中心, 暨南大学, 广州 510632

• 王瑞
• 1. 水生生物研究中心, 暨南大学, 广州 510632;2. 热带亚热带水生态工程教育部工程研究中心, 暨南大学, 广州 510632

• 满滢
• 1. 水生生物研究中心, 暨南大学, 广州 510632;2. 热带亚热带水生态工程教育部工程研究中心, 暨南大学, 广州 510632

• 杨扬
• 1. 水生生物研究中心, 暨南大学, 广州 510632;2. 热带亚热带水生态工程教育部工程研究中心, 暨南大学, 广州 510632

• 何文祥
• 广州市环境监测中心站, 广州 510030

• 杨瑜芬
• 1. 水生生物研究中心, 暨南大学, 广州 510632;2. 热带亚热带水生态工程教育部工程研究中心, 暨南大学, 广州 510632

• 王佳希
• 1. 水生生物研究中心, 暨南大学, 广州 510632;2. 热带亚热带水生态工程教育部工程研究中心, 暨南大学, 广州 510632

• 摘要：水华期间微囊藻毒素的释放会严重影响洱海饮用水源水质安全.应用荧光定量PCR结合酶联免疫法快速检测洱海水华高发秋季（8-11月）主要旅游区和饮用水源地产毒微囊藻丰度和微囊藻毒素LR浓度.结果表明，荧光定量PCR方法能够快速定量洱海中总微囊藻种群和产毒微囊藻丰度，并且能有效预测洱海水体产毒潜能.洱海总微囊藻平均丰度为8.15×10⁶ copies·L^-1，9月份均值最高，产毒微囊藻平均丰度为6.42×10⁵ copies·L^-1，也于9月达到最高值，占总微囊藻的比例为1.0%~69.8%，水温和TP显著影响洱海总微囊藻丰度，低温、低P是洱海微囊藻水华的限制因子.洱海毒素峰值期为10月上旬，期间水源地微囊藻毒素和胞外微囊藻毒素全部检出，叶绿素a显著影响总微囊藻毒素和胞外微囊藻毒素分布，说明在一定程度上Chl a值能预测水体微囊藻释放的毒素风险.洱海总微囊藻毒素LR最高值达2.17 μg·L^-1，已超过集中式生活饮用水地表水源地对MC-LR的限值（1.0 μg·L^-1），表明水华期间洱海饮用水水源安全问题不容忽视.

• Abstract：Lake Erhai is an important drinking water source for Dali city, Yunnan Province.The release of microcystins produced by cyanobacteria would potentially impact drinking water quality and threat the lake security.A real-time PCR method combined with ELISA method (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) were applied to investigate the abundance of the total and toxic Microcystis as well as the concentration of total and extracellular microcystin-LR during blooms seasons in primary tourist areas and the drinking water source areas.The results of qPCR show the climax abundance of total and toxic Microcystis both occurred in September (8.15×10⁶ copies·L^-1 and 6.42×10⁵ copies·L^-1, respectively), and there was a significant temporal difference in the abundance of total and toxic Microcystis.Results of Correlation analysis revealed that the total Microcystis was positively correlated to water temperature and total phosphorus, the main limiting factors for Microcystis blooms in Lake Erhai.Additionally, the results of ELISA show that both the concentration of total and extracellular microcytin-LR reached maximum in October, when microcystin-LR could be detected in all sampling sites.The concentration of chlorophyll-a was significantly related to the distributions of total and extracellular microcystin-LR in Lake Erhai, indicating that chlorophyll-a could be used for potential-toxic Microcystis prediction.The maximum value of the total microcystin-LR was as high as 2.17 μg·L^-1 during the study period, which exceeded the limit (<1 μg·L^-1) for microcystins in centralized drinking water sources of surface water.In summary, the security of drinking water during bloom seasons in Lake Erhai is unneglectable.

• Key words：Lake Erhai  drinking water sources  toxic Microcystis  microcystin  rapid detection  ecological risk

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