• 关键词：飞机  大气污染物  巡航  起飞着陆  排放特征  空客A320

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金（No.21407174）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项（No.3122016A012，3122016D025，3122017063）

• 韩博
• 1. 中国民航大学空中交通管理学院, 天津市空管运行规划与安全技术重点实验室, 天津 300300;2. 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室, 天津 300071

• 刘雅婷
• 1. 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室, 天津 300071;2. 南开大学科学技术处, 天津 300071

• 谭宏志
• 中国民航大学空中交通管理学院, 天津市空管运行规划与安全技术重点实验室, 天津 300300

• 王愚
• 中国民航大学空中交通管理学院, 天津市空管运行规划与安全技术重点实验室, 天津 300300

• 魏志强
• 中国民航大学空中交通管理学院, 天津市空管运行规划与安全技术重点实验室, 天津 300300

• 摘要：飞机发动机以航空煤油为燃料，在运行过程中会排放多种大气污染物，对空气质量和人体健康存在较大影响.选择A320作为典型机型，提取了一次真实航班飞行过程中的机载飞行数据，基于BM2及BM2-FOA耦合模型，获得了其在飞行全过程中每一时刻CO、UHC、NO_x及PM_2.5的排放指数，并计算了CO、UHC、NO_x、SO₂、CO₂及PM_2.5的精确排放量.结果表明，飞行过程中CO和UHC排放指数与推力变化趋势相反，数值范围分别为0.67~595.34 g·kg^-1和0.05~0.43 g·kg^-1.NO_x排放指数与燃油流量变化趋势一致，数值范围是0.96~114.25 g·kg^-1.PM_2.5排放指数全过程变化较小，约为0.25~0.36 g·kg^-1.飞行全过程中，CO₂排放总量最大，约为2.0×10⁴ kg.同时，NO_x的排放量约为213.4 kg，SO₂也排放了24.5 kg.CO、PM_2.5和UHC的排放量分别为7.5、2.2和0.5 kg.将本次精确计算结果与使用ICAO基准模型对LTO起降阶段的估算结果进行对比后发现，基准模型LTO飞行时间较真实时间偏长37%.基准模型估算LTO阶段CO、UHC污染物排放量偏高，NO_x偏低，且偏差较大；而SO₂、CO₂和PM_2.5的排放量估算结果偏差相对较小.与机动车相比，A320飞机的一次LTO起飞着陆飞行，NO_x排放量约等于一辆小客车行驶8.6×10⁴ km，或相当于1274辆小客车1 d的排放量.

• Abstract：Aircraft engines use aviation kerosene as fuel to provide power. Various kinds of air pollutants are emitted during operation, impacting human health and environment. Airbus A320 was selected as a typical type in the study. The flight record data during a real flight was decoded. The study acquired the emission indices of CO, UHC, NO_x and PM_2.5 at each phase of the whole flight, basing on the coupling model of BM2 and BM2-FOA, and calculated the accurate emissions of CO, UHC, NO_x, SO₂, CO₂ and PM_2.5,respectively. According to the results, the emission indices of CO and UHC, which are within 0.67 to 595.34 g·kg^-1 and 0.05 to 0.43 g·kg^-1 respectively, are inversely proportional to the variation trend of engine thrust. The emission index of NO_x, which is within 0.96 to 114.25 g·kg^-1, is in conformity with the variation trend of fuel flow. The index of PM_2.5 is in the range of 0.25 to 0.36 g·kg^-1, showing little changes during the whole flight. CO₂ is the most abundant emission during the flight. The emission of it is about 2.0×10⁴ kg. Meanwhile, the emission of NO_x is about 213.4 kg, and SO₂ is about 24.5 kg. The emissions of CO, PM_2.5 and UHC are 7.5, 2.2, 0.5 kg, respectively. Compared with this paper, the LTO flight time of the ICAO standard model is 37% longer than the real LTO flight time. Therefore, processed by the standard model, the LTO emissions of CO and UHC are higher, and the LTO emission of NO_x is lower. All these emissions, calculated by standard model, show relatively great deviations. However, the estimated emissions of SO₂, CO₂ and PM_2.5 have no significant difference. And the emission level of NO_x of A320 during LTO flight is approximately equal to the emission level of a compact car traveling 8.6×10⁴ km, or 1274 compact cars traveling for one day.

• Key words：aircraft  air pollutant  cruise  LTO  emission characterization  Airbus A320

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