研究报告
翟婉盈,欧阳雪姣,周伟,余达,郑红艳.长江干流近岸沉积物重金属的空间分布及风险评估[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(11):4195-4201
长江干流近岸沉积物重金属的空间分布及风险评估
- Spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in the nearshore sediments in main stream of Yangtze River
- 基金项目：国家重点研发计划（No.2016YFC0402207-3）
- 作者
- 单位
- 翟婉盈
- 长江水利委员会, 长江流域水环境监测中心, 武汉 430019
- 欧阳雪姣
- 长江水利委员会, 长江流域水环境监测中心, 武汉 430019
- 周伟
- 长江水利委员会, 长江流域水环境监测中心, 武汉 430019
- 余达
- 长江水利委员会, 长江流域水环境监测中心, 武汉 430019
- 郑红艳
- 长江水利委员会, 长江流域水环境监测中心, 武汉 430019
- 摘要：采集长江干流上、中、下游人口分布密集的主要城市江段、三峡库区等19个监测断面的近岸沉积物样品，分别分析了枯水期和丰水期沉积物样品中砷、汞、铜、铅、镉、锌和锰等重金属含量在长江干流上的分布特征.结果表明，枯水期，砷和铅在三峡库区寸滩断面含量最大，铜和汞在入江口含量最大.丰水期，长江干流最上游的两个监测断面汞、砷、铜、铅4种重金属含量均较低；三峡库区砷、铜、铅3种重金属总量均较大，汞含量也较高.依据相平衡分配法和沉积物污染指数法（SPI），选取铜和铅两项参数，对长江干流近岸沉积物质量进行风险评估，结果显示，长江干流19个监测断面近岸沉积物等级均为Ⅰ类，但入江口沉积物污染指数（SPI）值最大.
- Abstract：Spatial changes of contamination of Hg, As, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn and Mn in nearshore sediments during dry and flood seasons were investigated in 19 locations along the main channel of Yangtze River, especially for the densely populated city and Three Gorges Reservoir. During dry season, the maximum content of As and Pb was found in Cuntan location, and the peak concentration of Cu and Hg was found in Yangtze River estuary. During flood season, the least polluted location by Hg, As, Cu and Pb of Yangtze River was the two upstream sites. Meanwhile, a clear enrichment of As, Cu, Pb and Hg in nearshore sediments occurred in Three Gorges Reservoir. The ecological risks of Cu and Pb in nearshore sediments were assessed by the sediment pollution index (SPI) based on the equilibrium partitioning approach. According to the SPI value, the risk level of nearshore sediments wasⅠin the main channel of Yangtze River. However, the highest SPI value was observed in the section of Yangtze River estuary.
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