研究报告
朱恒,戴璐泓,魏雅,张银菊,胡清华,吴水平.生物质燃烧排放PM2.5中无机离子及有机组分的分布特征[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(12):4483-4491
生物质燃烧排放PM2.5中无机离子及有机组分的分布特征
- Characteristics of inorganic ions and organic components in PM2.5 from biomass burning
- 基金项目：国家自然科学基金（No.41471390，41171365）；国家重点研发计划（No.2016YFC0502901）；福建省自然科学基金计划项目（No.2017J01079）
- 作者
- 单位
- 朱恒
- 厦门大学环境与生态学院, 厦门 361102
- 戴璐泓
- 厦门大学环境与生态学院, 厦门 361102
- 魏雅
- 厦门大学环境与生态学院, 厦门 361102
- 张银菊
- 厦门大学环境与生态学院, 厦门 361102
- 胡清华
- 福建省环境监测中心站, 福州 350003
- 吴水平
- 厦门大学环境与生态学院, 厦门 361102
- 摘要：为探讨生物质在明火和阴燃两种不同条件下PM2.5及主要成分的排放差异，选取了7种具有代表性的生物质样品（小麦、水稻、马尾松叶、马尾松枝、杂草、玉米、棉花）进行了燃烧实验，并对PM2.5样品中的7种主要水溶性离子（Na+、NH4+、K+、Ca2+、Cl-、NO3-、SO42-）及有机碳（OC）、元素碳（EC）、水溶性有机碳（WSOC）、有机酸和左旋葡聚糖（LG）等有机成分进行了分析.结果表明，明火和阴燃条件下PM2.5的排放因子分别为2.82~7.74 mg·g-1和3.24~22.56 mg·g-1，阴燃时的排放因子偏高，不同燃料类型也存在一定差异.燃烧排放PM2.5中水溶性离子以Cl-为最高，占总离子的比例为72%~94%，且与NH4+存在显著正相关关系，水溶性离子整体表现为明火条件下的浓度显著高于阴燃条件下的浓度.受阴燃条件下氧气不足的影响，PM2.5中有机组分的浓度表现为阴燃高于明火，进而导致阴燃时PM2.5的排放因子增加.水稻秸秆燃烧烟尘中3种来源特征比值（LG/PM2.5、LG/OC和LG/WSOC）仅为小麦和玉米秸秆燃烧排放相应比值均值的0.34、0.24和0.27倍，表明在不同农作物的收获季节采用上述特征比值进行生物质燃烧来源估算时，应区别对待.
- Abstract：Seven kinds of biomass samples including masson pine needles and branches, wheat, rice, grass, maize and cotton straw were burned under flaming and smoldering conditions to investigate the emission factors of PM2.5 and its associated major components including organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon, water soluble ions, water soluble organ carbon (WSOC), organic acids and levoglucosan (LG). The results showed that the emission factors were in the range of 2.82~7.74 mg·g-1 and 3.24~22.56 mg·g-1 for PM2.5 from biomass burning in flaming and smoldering conditions, respectively. The difference between the two burning conditions varied in different kinds of biomass fuel. The profiles of water soluble ions in PM2.5 were all dominated by Cl-, accounting for 72%~94% of the total water soluble ions. Significant positive correlations were only observed between Cl- and NH4+. The concentrations of water soluble ions were generally higher in flaming PM2.5 than those in smoldering PM2.5. The organic components showed much higher levels in smoldering PM2.5 with respect to those in flaming PM2.5 because of incomplete burning. The higher emission factors of PM2.5 under smoldering conditions were mainly due to the higher emission factors of organic species. Three source characteristic ratios including LG/PM2.5, LG/OC and LG/WSOC in rice straw burning PM2.5 were only 0.34, 0.24 and 0.27 times of the mean ratios in wheat and maize straw burning PM2.5, respectively. Thus, different characteristic ratios are required to estimate biomass burning contribution in different biomass burning seasons.
摘要点击次数： 1222 全文下载次数： 2473
