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研究报告

赵文建,韩威,南鸽,王文嘉,梁文华,张景来.不同溶剂和反应温度对污泥热液化制取生物质油性质影响研究[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(11):4202-4211

Effect of solvent and reaction temperature on the properties of biocrude from thermochemical liquefaction of sewage sludge

基金项目：比尔&梅琳达·盖茨基金会项目（No.4332155000521）；中国人民大学科学研究基金（中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金）（No.14XNLQ02）

摘要：选取4种溶剂（水、乙醇、正己烷、水-乙醇共溶济）作为污泥热液化制取生物质油的溶剂，分析溶剂种类和反应温度对热液化效果和生物质油性质的影响.结果表明：相同温度下，生物质油产率随溶剂种类变化趋势为：乙醇>水-乙醇共溶剂>正己烷>水，最高产率为54.82%（乙醇溶剂，240 ℃）.污泥有机物转化率随溶剂种类变化趋势为：水-乙醇共溶剂 >乙醇 >水 >正己烷，最高有机物转化率为96.40%（水-乙醇共溶剂，330 ℃）.污泥经热液化处理后，碳、氢、氮、硫元素在生物质油中富集，氧含量下降，热值 >36 MJ·kg^-1（乙醇、240 ℃除外）.不同溶剂油成分差别较大，采用水或正己烷，产物主要是脂肪酸类、烷烃及部分酰胺和腈类，采用乙醇或水-乙醇共溶剂，产物主要是酯类、烷烃类.生物质油沸点集中分布在250~500 ℃，添加乙醇溶剂可显著提高生物质油轻组分含量.

Abstract：In this paper, four types of solvents (water, ethanol, n-hexane and water-ethanol mixture) were examined for thermochemical liquefaction of sewage sludge to product biocrude and the effects of solvent type and reaction temperature on the characteristic of biocrude and organic conversion rate were investigated. The result showed that the biocrude yields at the same temperature with different solvents followed the order: ethanol >water-ethanol mixture >n-hexane > water, and the highest biocrude yield was 54.82% (ethanol, 240 ℃). However, the highest organic conversion rate was 96.40% with water-ethanol mixture as a liquefaction solvent in 330 ℃, and organic conversion rate efficiency followed the order: water-ethanol mixture >ethanol >water >n-hexane. After thermochemical liquefaction, the C, H, N and S elements were stored into the biocrude, with low oxygen content and a high heat value ( >36 MJ·kg^-1). The chemical compositions of the biocrude were also investigated, and the result revealed that the biocrude produced with different solvents contained different compounds, which are mainly aliphatic acids, alkanes, some amides and nitriles with water or n-hexane as solvent. while there were more esters and alkanes with ethanol or ethanol-water-mixture as solvent. The main boiling range distribution of biocrude was 250~500 ℃, and adding ethanol significantly increased the light oil component in biocrude.