• 关键词：粗糙度  街尘  分形特征  氮磷  重金属

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金（No.41471417，41171395）；国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（No.2015ZX07206-006-02）

• 江倩
• 1. 青岛大学环境科学与工程学院, 青岛 266071;2. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085

• 谢文霞
• 青岛大学环境科学与工程学院, 青岛 266071

• 尹澄清
• 中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境水质学国家重点实验室, 北京 100085

• 李叙勇
• 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085

• 赵洪涛
• 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085

• 摘要：道路下垫面是街尘累积-冲刷这一城市地表径流发生核心过程的重要场所，研究道路下垫面粗糙度对街尘及其负载污染物的持留分布与污染特征将对估算地表径流负荷及控制策略提供重要科学依据.本文以典型沥青和混凝土路面的街尘为研究对象，采样配对法试验设计并结合分形理论，对比分析粗糙度对街尘单位面积含量、颗粒物粒径组成、负载的氮磷及重金属污染的影响.结果表明，相比沥青路面，粗糙度较小的水泥路面所持留的颗粒物单位面积含量较少，颗粒物粒径较细，分选性较好.氮、磷含量与2种下垫面的粗糙度并无显著的相关关系，主要受环境因素影响较大，各粒径的氮、磷含量负荷比与其质量比一致，细粒径颗粒物对氮、磷的吸附作用并不明显.而重金属污染则受2种下垫面的粗糙度影响较大，水泥路面重金属含量高于沥青路面，且细粒径颗粒物的重金属污染负荷比较大，高于其质量比2.4%~24.1%.不同下垫面街尘样品各粒径段颗粒物微观形态相似.破损路面对街尘累积过程的单位面积含量及粒径组成有着较大的影响，可能对街尘累积冲刷过程及污染物富集存在不同程度的影响.

• Abstract：Road surfaces are a main platform of the generation of urban stormwater in terms of road dust build-up and wash-off process. The analysis of the effects of the roughness of road surfaces on the distribution and pollution characteristics of road dust and their associated pollutants will provide important scientific foundation for assessing stormwater concentration and stormwater management. In this paper, the effects of roughness on the street dust amount, particle size distribution, and the associated nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals were analyzed by using the street dust of typical asphalt and concrete pavement as the research object, paired design and fractal theory. The results show that the roughness of the cement pavement is smaller than the asphalt pavement. The mass of street dusts per unit area on cement pavement is lower than that on asphalt pavement and larger amount of fine street dusts were found on the cement pavement. And the sorted behaviour is also better than the asphalt pavement. The build-up load of nitrogen and phosphorus was mainly affected by environmental factors rather than the type of pavement. The ratio of the mass of nitrogen and phosphorus associated with one particle sized street dusts to another particle sized street dusts is the same as the mass of corresponding particle sized street dusts to another particle sized street dusts. The difference of the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus between fine and coarse street dusts is not obvious. Furthermore, the study found that the build-up load of heavy metals is affected by the roughness of the pavement, and more heavy metals were built-up on the cement pavement compared to the asphalt pavement. Finer street dusts were found to have stronger ability to adsorb heavy metals. It was noted that 31%~45% of the solids being finer than 100 μm and containing 33.4%~64.1% of the heavy metal pollutant load. In addition, the microcosmic morphology of street dusts of the same particle size segment was found to be similar on different types of pavement. The damage of the pavement has a significant influence on the amount and particle size distribution of the street dusts, and this may have effects on the buildup process of the street dusts and the enrichment of the pollutants.

• Key words：roughness  dust  fractal dimension  nitrogen and phosphorus  heavy metal

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