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研究报告

葛蔚,程琪琪,柴超,吴娟,曾路生,马东,张小梅,李敬锁.青岛市城郊蔬菜中多环芳烃污染特征和健康风险评估[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(12):4772-4778

Characteristics of pollution and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vegetables from Qingdao suburb

摘要：2016年5月在青岛市城郊的蔬菜基地采集表层土壤和蔬菜的可食部位，采用高效液相色谱紫外/荧光检测器串联方法对美国环保署优先控制的16种多环芳烃（PAHs）进行检测，分析了土壤和蔬菜中PAHs的含量、组成及两者含量间的关系，并评价了蔬菜中PAHs的健康风险.结果表明，土壤中16种PAHs的总含量（∑16PAH）范围为277.0~1548.1 μg·kg^-1，主要呈现PAHs轻、中度污染.蔬菜中∑16PAH的平均含量为222.6 μg·kg^-1，叶菜类、瓜果类和根茎类蔬菜中∑16PAH含量没有显著性差异.3类蔬菜中PAHs的组成均是以3环PAHs为主，比例达到51.4%~56.2%，但根茎类蔬菜中致癌PAHs所占比例高于叶菜类和瓜果类.叶菜类蔬菜中PAHs含量与土壤中PAHs含量具有显著的正相关关系（r=0.434，p<0.05）.蔬菜中PAHs的毒性主要来自于7种致癌PAHs，成年人通过摄食蔬菜产生的日平均PAHs暴露量高于其他人群，青岛市城郊部分品种蔬菜中的PAHs对人群存在潜在的致癌风险.

Abstract：The surface soils and edible parts of vegetables were collected from Qingdao suburb in May 2016, and 16 US EPA priority PAHs were measured through high performance liquid chromatography with UV and fluorescence detector. The content, composition of PAHs in soils and vegetables, and the relationship between them were analyzed. The health risks of PAHs through vegetables ingestion were assessed. The results showed that the total content of 16 PAHs (∑16PAH) in soils ranged from 277.0 to 1548.1 μg·kg^-1, suggesting light and middle pollution level of PAHs in soils. The average content of ∑16PAH in vegetables was 222.6 μg·kg^-1, and no difference in ∑16PAH was found among leaf vegetables, fruit vegetables and root vegetables. The contribution of 3 rings PAHs in vegetables was relatively high, with proportion of 51.4%~56.2%; while the contribution of 7 carcinogenic PAHs in root vegetables was higher than that in leaf vegetables and fruit vegetables. The content of PAHs in leaf vegetables was significantly positive with that in soils (r=0.434,p<0.05). The toxicity of PAHs in vegetables was mainly from carcinogenic PAHs. Daily intake of PAHs through consumption of vegetables by adults was more than that by other people with different ages. PAHs in some varieties of vegetables in Qingdao suburb presented potential carcinogenic risk to people.