• 关键词：餐厨垃圾  厌氧消化  微生物群落  推流式反应器  完全混合式反应器

• 基金项目：中央高校基本科研业务费项目（No.106112017CDJXY210006）

• 何琴
• 重庆大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400045

• 李蕾
• 重庆大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400045

• 赵小飞
• 重庆大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400045

• 伍迪
• 重庆大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400045

• 瞿莉
• 重庆大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400045

• 彭绪亚
• 重庆大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400045

• 摘要：以中温餐厨垃圾（FW）厌氧消化反应器为研究对象，结合稳定运行过程中的微生物群落结构特征，考察了两种常见的厌氧消化反应器-完全混合式反应器（CSTR）和有回流的推流式反应器（R-PFR）的运行效率和稳定性.结果表明，两种构型的反应器均能在3.0 kg·m^-3·d^-1（以VS计）负荷下稳定高效地运行.R-PFR具有更稳定的稳定性指数，如总碱度（TA）和挥发性脂肪酸比TA值（VFA/TA），以及更低的氨氮（TAN）和游离氨（FAN）浓度，但产气效率（如比甲烷产率（SMP））不及CSTR.R-PFR中以Chloroflexi门（37.35%）和Firmicutes门（31.22%）为优势细菌，而CSTR中以Bacteroidetes门（31.14%）与Firmicutes门（44.41%）为优势细菌.CSTR和R-PFR均以Methanosaeta属为优势产甲烷菌（98.72%和84.90%），乙酸型产甲烷途径为主要的产甲烷途径.但CSTR中除Methanosaeta属以外还有一定丰度的混合营养型的Methanosarcina，以及氢营养型Methanospirillum和Methanolinea.CSTR中具有对VFA和TAN更具耐受性的产甲烷菌群，更有利于餐厨垃圾产甲烷过程的稳定进行.由于R-PFR的敏感性较低，有利于处理剧烈变化的底物，但R-PFR容易出现严重的局部酸化现象，不利于长期处理过高负荷的易降解底物（如餐厨垃圾）.这些结果可为优化餐厨垃圾厌氧消化工艺设计提供基础依据.

• Abstract：To identify the most efficient system for conversion of food waste (FW) into biogas, FW fermentation was investigated in two types of reactors:a completely-stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and a plug-flow reactor with a reflux ratio (R-PFR). The efficiency, stability, and microbial community structure in the reactors were compared. Stable fermentation was achieved under an organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.0 kgVS·m^-3·d^-1 in both reactors. Compared with the CSTR, total alkalinity (TA) and ratio of volatile fatty acids (VFA) to TA (VFA/TA) were more stable, and inhibitors such as total ammonia-nitrogen (TAN) and free ammonia-nitrogen (FAN) concentrations were lower in R-PFR. However, specific methane production (SMP) was higher in the CSTR. The phyla Chloroflexi (37.35%) and Firmicutes (31.22%) were predominant in the R-PFR, whereas Firmicutes (44.41%) and Bacteroidetes (31.14%) were more abundant in the CSTR. The genus Methanosaeta accounted for 98.72% and 84.90% of the total population in the CSTR and R-PFR, respectively, indicating that the main methanogenic pathway in both reactors was acetoclastic methanogenesis. In addition to Methanosaeta, mixotrophic methanogens such as Methanosarcina (9.72%) and hydrogenotrophic methanogens such as Methanospirillum and Methanolinea were detected in the CSTR. The methanogenic community obtained in the CSTR had a greater tolerance to high ammonia and VFA levels, which is conducive to stable and efficient methanogenesis. R-PFR may be more appropriate for highly variable substrate, as shock loads can vary spatially in the reactor. However, R-PFR systems are not suitable for long-term treatment of highly degradable substrate such as FW, as local acidification may occur. Our results provide a basis for the optimization of anaerobic FW digestion.

• Key words：food waste  anaerobic digestion  microbial community  plug-flow reactor  completely-stirred tank reactor

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