• 关键词：大型底栖动物  群落结构  多样性  生物学评价

• 基金项目：国家杰出青年科学基金（No.51425902）

• 王硕
• 三峡大学水利与环境学院, 宜昌 443002

• 林育青
• 南京水利科学研究院生态环境研究中心, 南京 210029

• 陈求稳
• 1. 三峡大学水利与环境学院, 宜昌 443002;2. 南京水利科学研究院生态环境研究中心, 南京 210029

• 唐磊
• 南京水利科学研究院生态环境研究中心, 南京 210029

• 李卫明
• 三峡大学水利与环境学院, 宜昌 443002

• 摘要：于2012年1月（枯水期）和8月（丰水期）在漓江上游甘棠江段、中游大圩江段和下游福利江段采集到大型底栖动物样品共374个，采用均匀度指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数分析了漓江大型底栖动物的多样性.结果表明，漓江水系大型底栖动物群落结构的时空分布差异显著，枯水期采集到42个分类单元、8632个底栖动物，物种数和个体数均少于丰水期采集到的46个分类单元、10842个底栖动物，但枯水期主要河段的物种多样性比丰水期要好.漓江中、下游大型底栖动物的功能摄食类群均以刮食者为主，表明中、下游生态系统的初级生产力属性要高于上游.采用BI指数（Biotic Index）对漓江各江段进行水质生物评价，结果显示，漓江水系枯水期的水生态质量要优于丰水期；上游和下游水生态质量相对较好，中游水生态质量较差.因此，建议在丰水期加强漓江中游大圩段的环境保护力度，提高漓江整体水生态质量.

• Abstract：In order to assess the ecological environment quality of the Lijiang River, 374 macroinvertebrates samples were collected from upstream Gantang reaches, midstream Daxu reaches, and downstream Fuli reaches in the dry season (January) and wet season (August). The evenness index(J'), Margalef richness index (d_M), Simpson index(λ), and Shannon-Wiener index (H') were applied to the samples to analyze diversity of macroinvertebrates. The results show that the spatial and temporal distribution of macroinvertebrates community structure had significant seasonal differences. We collected 42 taxa and 8632 macroinvertebrates in the dry season, and 46 taxa and 10842 macroinvertebrates in the wet season. The number of macroinvertebrates taxon and individual in the dry season were less than those in the wet season, but the species diversity of each reach in the dry season were greater than that in the wet season. Scraper was the main component of functional feeding groups (FFGs) in the midstream and downstream, which indicates that primary production of ecosystems in the midstream and downstream were higher. The BI index was used for bioassessment of water quality in the main reaches of Lijiang River. The results indicate the ecological water quality of the Lijiang River in the dry season was better than in the wet season, and the ecological water quality of the midstream was worse than that of the upstream and downstream. According to the results of the water quality bioassessment, we believe that it is necessary to strengthen the environmental protection of the Daxu reaches, so as to enhance the ecological water quality of the Lijiang River.

• Key words：macroinvertebrates  community structure  diversity  bioassessment

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