• 关键词：土壤  抗生素  空间分布  人类活动  土壤性质  微生物群落

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金（No.41571130064，41701018）；中国博士后科学基金（No.Y7H1471205）

• 赵方凯
• 1. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085;2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

• 杨磊
• 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085

• 李守娟
• 1. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085;2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

• 向倩
• 1. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085;2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

• 孙龙
• 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085

• 方力
• 浙江省海产品健康危害因素关键技术研究重点实验室(舟山市疾病预防控制中心), 舟山 316021

• 陈利顶
• 1. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085;2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

• 摘要：阐明土壤抗生素的空间分布特征对于认识抗生素的空间扩散和迁移过程、控制土壤抗生素污染、维护土壤安全具有重要意义.本研究通过空间采样，系统分析了长三角地区典型城郊流域土壤抗生素的空间分布特征，并探讨了人类活动、土壤性质和微生物群落对土壤抗生素分布的影响.结果表明，农田土壤中抗生素含量显著高于园地和林地，其中，检出浓度顺序为：四环素类（TCs） > 喹诺酮类（QNs） > 大环内酯类（MLs） > 磺胺类（SAs），平均含量分别为41.43、11.38、0.15、0.09 μg·kg^-1，农田土壤抗生素含量与有机肥施用密切相关.Spearman相关分析结果表明，TCs、QNs、SAs及抗生素总含量与距城镇距离、距道路距离、海拔及C/N具有显著的负相关性（p<0.05），表明这3类抗生素的空间分布受人类活动的强烈影响，而MLs含量与人类活动的关系则较弱.土壤养分、颗粒组成、pH、容重等对抗生素的吸附、迁移、降解等环境行为具有强烈的影响，其空间异质性影响了土壤抗生素空间分布的差异性.土壤微生物群落与土壤抗生素之间具有较为复杂的联系，研究发现，部分变形菌门、酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门及浮霉菌门细菌与土壤抗生素含量呈现负相关.方差分解分析揭示出土壤性质、人类活动及其相互作用是土壤抗生素空间分布的主要影响因素，对土壤抗生素分布空间变化的总解释度接近于58%，达到了较高水平.

• Abstract：Identifying the spatial distribution of antibiotics in soils can help understanding the antibiotics' spatial diffusion and migration processes in environment. This can provide scientific guidance for decreasing soil antibiotic pollution and sustaining soil security. To explore the spatial distribution characteristics of soil antibiotics and their affecting factors, we determined the concentrations of antibiotics in 82 soil samples from a typical peri-urban area of Yangtze River Delta based on field sampling and laboratory analysis. Results of this study showed that the concentrations of antibiotics in cropland were significantly higher than that in orchard and forest. In cropland soil, significant differences were found between different groups of antibiotics:tetracyclines (TCs) > quinolones (QNs) > macrolides (MLs) > sulfonamides (SAs), with average concentrations of 41.43、11.38、0.15、0.09 μg·kg^-1, respectively. The concentrations of antibiotics in cropland were closely related to organic fertilizer. Significant negative correlations (p<0.05) were found between the concentrations of TCs, QNs and SAs in soils and distance to town, distance to road, altitude, and soil C/N ratio by Spearman correlation analysis. This indicated that the concentrations of these antibiotics in soils were strongly influenced by human activities. However, there were no significant correlation between MLs concentrations in soils and human activities. Besides, result of this study also found that soil properties, such as soil nutrient, soil texture, pH, and bulk density, could change the sorption, migration and degradation processes of antibiotics in soil environment. Soil properties should be considered as the critical factors of spatial distribution of soil antibiotics. In addition, soil bacterial communities had a complex relation with soil antibiotics. The soil bacterial communities can affect the biodegradation of antibiotics, while some antibiotics can be produced by natural bacteria. According to RDA analysis, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Planctomycetes had negative correlation with the concentration of antibiotics in soils. The variance partitioning analysis differentiate the effects of different affecting factors on spatial distribution of soil antibiotics with a total explained variance of 58%, and found the soil properties, human activities and their interactions were the main affecting factors.

• Key words：soils  antibiotics  spatial distribution  human activities  soil properties  bacterial communities

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