研究报告
王若冰,赵钰,单保庆,李思敏.海河流域典型重污染河流滏阳河沉积物氨化和硝化速率研究[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(3):858-866
海河流域典型重污染河流滏阳河沉积物氨化和硝化速率研究
- Ammonification and nitrification rates in sediment of typical heavy polluted river (Fuyang River) in the Haihe River Basin
- 基金项目：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（No.41701546）
- 作者
- 单位
- 王若冰
- 1. 河北工程大学能源与环境工程学院, 邯郸 056038;2. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境水质学国家重点实验室, 北京 100085
- 赵钰
- 中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境水质学国家重点实验室, 北京 100085
- 单保庆
- 中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境水质学国家重点实验室, 北京 100085
- 李思敏
- 河北工程大学能源与环境工程学院, 邯郸 056038
- 摘要：为探究海河流域重污染河流高氨氮形成的原因，选择典型重污染河流滏阳河作为研究对象，分析了滏阳河上游邯郸与邢台段和下游石家庄与衡水段水-沉积物界面氨氮的分布特征和沉积物氨化及硝化反应速率.结果表明，滏阳河上覆水和孔隙水中氨氮呈现出下游高于上游的分布特征，其中上覆水氨氮平均浓度为15.72 mg·L-1，孔隙水氨氮平均浓度为21.10 mg·L-1，氨氮表现为从沉积物向水体扩散.滏阳河全河段表层沉积物氨化速率平均值为4.300 μg·g-1·h-1，其中上游氨化速率平均值为3.360 μg·g-1·h-1，下游氨化速率平均值为5.232 μg·g-1·h-1；滏阳河整体潜在硝化速率处于较低水平，范围在0.001~0.598 μg·g-1·h-1，平均值为0.152 μg·g-1·h-1，平均氨化速率约为平均潜在硝化速率的28倍.通过相关性分析可知，氨化速率与沉积物氨氮、总有机氮和全氮显著正相关，与硝氮显著负相关；潜在硝化速率与沉积物硝氮、总有机氮和全氮显著正相关，与总有机碳和碳氮比显著负相关.研究表明，滏阳河沉积物氨化速率远大于潜在硝化速率并形成氨氮累积是造成滏阳河高氨氮现象的重要原因之一，沉积物中累积的氨氮存在通过扩散作用向上覆水释放的风险.
- Abstract：In order to investigate the causes of high ammonia nitrogen formation in heavy polluted rivers in the Haihe River Basin, Fuyang River, which was selected to analysis the spatial distribution of ammonia nitrogen in sediment-water interface, ammonification rate and potential nitrification rate among upstream Handan and Xingtai segments and downstream Shijiazhuang and Hengshui segments in Fuyang River. The results indicated that the ammonia nitrogen of overlying water and pore water in Fuyang River downstream were higher than the upstream. The average concentration of ammonia nitrogen in overlying water and pore water were 15.72 mg·L-1 and 21.10 mg·L-1, respectively, which showed the diffusion trend from sediment to the overlying water. The average ammonification rate of surface sediment in Fuyang River was 4.300 μg·g-1·h-1, and the average ammonification rate of upstream and downstream in Fuyang River were 3.360 μg·g-1·h-1 and 5.232 μg·g-1·h-1, respectively; the potential nitrification rate was at a low level, ranging from 0.001 to 0.598 μg·g-1·h-1, with an average value of 0.152 μg·g-1·h-1. The average ammonification rate was about 28 times higher than that of the average potential nitrification rate. The correlation analysis showed that the ammonification rate had a significant positive correlation with NH3-N, TON and TN in sediment, and significant negative correlation with NO3--N; the potential nitrification rate had a significant positive correlation with NO3--N, TON and TN in sediment, and significant negative correlation with TOC and C/N ratio. Consequently, the ammonification rate of sediments in Fuyang River was much higher than the potential nitrification rate and further cause ammonia nitrogen accumulation, which was one of the important reasons for high ammonia nitrogen in Fuyang River, the accumulated ammonia nitrogen in sediments was at a risk of releasing to the overlying water.
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