研究报告
王琢璞,温宗国.废铅酸电池回收制取再生铅合金技术的生命周期评价[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(3):1245-1255
废铅酸电池回收制取再生铅合金技术的生命周期评价
- Life cycle assessment of regeneration of lead alloy from waste lead-acid batteries
- 基金项目：“十三五”国家重点研发计划（No.2016YFC0502802）；国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金（No.71522011）
- 作者
- 单位
- 王琢璞
- 清华大学环境学院, 北京 100084
- 温宗国
- 清华大学环境学院, 北京 100084
- 摘要：废铅酸电池的回收利用已成为铅酸电池行业实现健康持续发展的关键一环.本文采用生命周期评价方法，分析了废铅酸电池回收制取铅合金技术及末端污染控制全过程的环境影响，并与废铅酸电池回收制铅锭再制电池材料和利用原生材料生产电池材料的过程进行了对比研究.结论表明废铅酸电池回收直接制取铅合金过程中铅膏熔炼和合金配制环节在各环境影响指标中的贡献较大（其中全球变暖潜值中占60%和33%，酸化潜值中占33%和54%，人体毒性潜值中占28%和57%），主要为辅助材料及能源动力带来的间接影响；利用原生材料生产电池材料过程的环境影响相对另两个过程更大，归一化的环境影响指标结果中人体毒性潜值、富营养化潜值及酸化潜值最大（分别为2.42×10-11、1.26×10-11和1.08×10-11），其中铅原料生产的贡献比例占绝大部分.废电池回收直接制取再生铅合金与废电池回收制铅锭再制电池材料相比，环境影响表现更优，有利于形成电池生产企业的闭环循环过程，值得应用推广.未来应鼓励以废铅酸电池回收代替相应原生材料生产新电池，同时进一步减少回收过程中使用的资源能源环境影响，以带来更大的环境效益.
- Abstract：The recycling of waste lead-acid batteries has become an important part of the sustainable development for lead-acid battery industry. This study utilizes Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to analyze the environmental impacts of regeneration technologies for lead alloys from waste lead-acid batteries and the whole life cycle of end-of-life pollution treatment. The article also compares the results with the process of producing batteries via pig lead from waste lead-acid batteries and primary materials. It shows that most of the environmental burden comes from the procedure of lead paste smelting and alloy preparation resulting from the indirect effects of auxiliary materials and energy power, with Global Warming Potential to be 60% and 30%, Acidification Potential to be 33% and 54%, and Human Toxicity Potential to be 28% and 57%. The comparative results show that the process using primary materials exhibits greater environmental impacts, with the biggest normalized results of human toxicity potential to be 2.42×10-11, eutrophication potential to be 1.26×10-11, and acidification potential to be 1.08×10-11. The environmental impact of the primary lead production takes the most within the process of using primary materials to produce batteries. Compared with the regeneration of lead from waste batteries via pig lead to produce lead alloys, direct regeneration of lead alloys from waste batteries shows better environmental performance, and is helpful to form a closed loop for battery manufacturers. So this technique is worth being promoted. In the future, we should encourage the recycling of waste lead-acid batteries instead of using primary materials to produce new batteries. Meanwhile, further steps for reducing the environmental impacts of resources and energy used during the recovery process will bring greater environmental benefits.
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