• 关键词：内燃叉车  排放特征  气态污染物  排放因子  细颗粒物

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（No.41627809）；国家杰出青年科学基金项目（No.41325020）；广东省省级科技计划项目（No.2016B050502005）

• 叶潇
• 华南理工大学环境与能源学院, 广州 510006

• 李成
• 暨南大学环境与气候研究院, 广州 511486

• 夏泽群
• 华南理工大学环境与能源学院, 广州 510006

• 王延龙
• 华南理工大学环境与能源学院, 广州 510006

• 卞雅慧
• 华南理工大学环境与能源学院, 广州 510006

• 肖笑
• 华南理工大学环境与能源学院, 广州 510006

• 廖松地
• 华南理工大学环境与能源学院, 广州 510006

• 郑君瑜
• 华南理工大学环境与能源学院, 广州 510006

• 摘要：内燃叉车在我国保有量大、分布广，其尾气排放严重危害空气质量和人体健康.本文以7台典型内燃叉车为研究对象，搭建工程机械尾气测试系统，识别了实时的"燃油-机械特征-污染排放"关系，评估了不同发动机功率、排放标准、工况对排放因子的影响，利用自展模拟的方法量化排放因子的不确定性.结果表明：内燃叉车NO和NO₂的单位燃油的排放速率变化趋势相同，NO与NO₂的峰值出现时间略有差距.CO、NO、NO₂、NO_x、PM_2.5和SO₂的综合排放因子与不确定性范围分别是24.1 g·kg^-1（-25.4%，26.1%）、26.5 g·kg^-1（-24.2%，24.4%）、10.2 g·kg^-1（-22.3%，21.9%）、36.7 g·kg^-1（-21.5%，22.6%）、2.8 g·kg^-1（-25.5%，24.7%）和0.9 g·kg^-1（-55.7%，80.6%）.同时对作业工况下PM_2.5的组分分析发现，TC为主要成分，质量占比达77%~92%；OC/EC的平均比值为4.4；水溶性离子以NO₃^-和PO₄^3-为主；金属组分中Ca、Na、Mg和Fe占比较多.

• Abstract：Due to the large number, emissions from diesel forklifts in China are high, posing an important impact on human health and air quality. In this study, seven typical forklifts were selected to characterize the emission pattern of gaseous pollutants and fine particulates by using a set of on-board test system. This study not only identified the real-time "fuels-machines-emissions" relationship, but also evaluated the influences of different engine power, emission standard and operation models on emission factors. Monte Carlo Method was used to quantify uncertainties in emission factors. Results showed that nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) have a similar emission trend, but their peak periods were not identical. The average emission factors of carbon monoxide (CO), NO, NO₂, nitrogen oxides (NO_x), particulate matter (PM_2.5) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) were 24.1 g·kg^-1 (-25.4%, 26.1%), 26.5 g·kg^-1 (-24.2%, 24.4%), 10.2 g·kg^-1 (-22.3%, 21.9%), 36.7 g·kg^-1 (-21.5%, 22.6%), 2.8 g·kg^-1 (-25.5%, 24.7%) and 0.9 g·kg^-1 (-55.7%, 80.6%) respectively. Additionally, this study obtained PM_2.5 compositions in the working conditions. The total carbon (TC) was the dominant component in the exhaust PM_{2. 5} emitted from forklifts, accounting for 77%~93% of the total PM_2.5 emissions. The ratio of organic carbon (OC) to elemental carbon (EC) was 4.4, and NO₃^- and PO₄^3- were the most important contributor to water soluble ion. Moreover, Ca、Mg、Na and Fe were the main contributors in inorganic elements.

• Key words：diesel-fueled forklift  emission characteristics  gaseous pollutants  emission factor  PM_2.5

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