• 关键词：榆树  臭椿  叶表尘  重金属  PM₁₀  PM_2.5  空气质量指数  金属综合污染指数

• 基金项目：北京市自然科学基金（No.8142017）；国家自然科学基金（No.41475133）

• 杨峥
• 1. 北京麋鹿生态实验中心, 北京 100076;2. 北京生物多样性保护研究中心, 北京 100076

• 刘艳菊
• 1. 北京麋鹿生态实验中心, 北京 100076;2. 北京生物多样性保护研究中心, 北京 100076

• 朱明淏
• 1. 北京麋鹿生态实验中心, 北京 100076;2. 北京生物多样性保护研究中心, 北京 100076

• 摘要：城市大气颗粒物污染问题日渐突出，目前主要依靠大气站点的直接观测数据反映污染的即时状况，而植物叶表尘及重金属的监测为评价大气颗粒物阶段性污染状况提供了新的途径.本研究通过分析北京交通带和公园共7个样点的臭椿（Ailanthus altissima）、槐（Sophora japonica）、北京杨（Populus beijingensis）、榆树（Ulmus pumila）、紫叶李（Prunus cerasifera f.atropurpurea）等5种常见绿化树种的叶表尘及重金属Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn含量，并计算尘金属综合累积指数（MAI），进而与邻近站点大气颗粒物观测数据对比并进行统计分析，尝试量化评价植物所处环境的大气颗粒物及尘重金属综合污染状况.结果表明：采用榆树叶表尘可量化评价大气可吸入颗粒物PM₁₀的月均质量浓度，相对误差为1.2%~10.6%；臭椿叶表尘可量化评价大气细颗粒物PM_2.5的月均质量浓度和月均空气质量指数（AQI），相对误差分别为0.18%~3.7%和0.26%~5.7%.MAI值可指示大气尘重金属综合污染状况，本研究中京承高速和朝阳公园大气尘重金属综合污染较重，其次为念坛公园、望京公园和玉蜓桥，最轻为岳各庄桥和麋鹿苑.

• Abstract：Airborne particulate pollution is serious at urban areas and its dynamic status relies on direct observation data at air monitoring stations. Measurement of plant leaf surface dust and associated heavy metals can provide a new way to evaluate the long-term pollution situation of airborne particles. This study aims to quantitatively assess atmospheric particulate pollution and overall dust metal pollution at seven sampling sites in Beijing by studying concentrations of leaf surface dust and associated metals(Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn) of five common plant species. Metal Accumulation Index(MAI) of leaf surface dust was also calculated, and comparison was made between our leaf surface data and the particulate observation data from adjacent air monitoring stations through statistical analyses. In result, leaf surface dust concentration of Ulmus pumila can quantitatively evaluate monthly mean PM₁₀ mass with relative error of 1.2%~10.6%, whilst leaf dust data of Ailanthus altissima can assess monthly mean PM_2.5 mass and air quality index(AQI) with relative errors as 0.18%~3.7% and 0.26%~5.7% respectively. The MAI value can be used as an indicator for overall airborne dust metal pollution. Heavier airborne dust metal pollution was observed in Jingcheng Highway and Chaoyang Park; followed by Niantan Park, Wangjing Park and Yuting Bridge; the lightest pollution was found in Yuegezhuang Bridge and Milu Park.

• Key words：Ulmus pumila  Ailanthus altissima  leaf surface dust  heavy metals  PM₁₀  PM_2.5  air quality index(AQI)  metal accumulation index(MAI)

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