研究报告
赵小宁,席冬冬,席奔野,雷豪杰,黄海燕,宋鑫,李云蓓,张靖雯,曹治国,张鑫,姜继韶,闫广轩,王跃思.新乡市冬、春季节PM2.5中水溶性离子及重金属的污染特征与源解析[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(8):3210-3219
新乡市冬、春季节PM2.5中水溶性离子及重金属的污染特征与源解析
- The pollutant character and source apportionment of water-soluble ions and heavy metals in PM2.5 in winter-spring time of Xinxiang
- 基金项目:河南师范大学博士科研启动课题项目(No.5101219170103);河南师范大学青年科学基金资助项目(No.5101219279005,5101219279007);国家自然科学基金(No.21607038,51604099,51508167);中国博士后科学基金(No.2015M570629,2016T90668)
- 赵小宁
- 河南师范大学生命科学学院, 新乡 453007
- 席冬冬
- 河南师范大学环境学院, 黄淮水环境污染与防治教育部重点实验室, 河南省环境污染控制重点实验室, 新乡 453007
- 席奔野
- 北京林业大学, 森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083
- 雷豪杰
- 河南师范大学环境学院, 黄淮水环境污染与防治教育部重点实验室, 河南省环境污染控制重点实验室, 新乡 453007
- 黄海燕
- 河南师范大学环境学院, 黄淮水环境污染与防治教育部重点实验室, 河南省环境污染控制重点实验室, 新乡 453007
- 宋鑫
- 河南师范大学环境学院, 黄淮水环境污染与防治教育部重点实验室, 河南省环境污染控制重点实验室, 新乡 453007
- 李云蓓
- 河南师范大学环境学院, 黄淮水环境污染与防治教育部重点实验室, 河南省环境污染控制重点实验室, 新乡 453007
- 张靖雯
- 河南师范大学环境学院, 黄淮水环境污染与防治教育部重点实验室, 河南省环境污染控制重点实验室, 新乡 453007
- 曹治国
- 河南师范大学环境学院, 黄淮水环境污染与防治教育部重点实验室, 河南省环境污染控制重点实验室, 新乡 453007
- 张鑫
- 河南师范大学环境学院, 黄淮水环境污染与防治教育部重点实验室, 河南省环境污染控制重点实验室, 新乡 453007
- 姜继韶
- 河南师范大学环境学院, 黄淮水环境污染与防治教育部重点实验室, 河南省环境污染控制重点实验室, 新乡 453007
- 闫广轩
- 河南师范大学环境学院, 黄淮水环境污染与防治教育部重点实验室, 河南省环境污染控制重点实验室, 新乡 453007
- 王跃思
- 1. 中国科学院大气物理研究所, 大气边界层物理与大气化学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029;2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
- 摘要:于2015年12月—2016年1月(冬季,采暖季)和2016年3—4月(春季,非采暖季)在河南新乡采集了125个膜样本,用重量法分析了PM2.5的质量浓度,电感耦合等离子体-质谱分析仪(ICP-MS)分析了20种常见的金属元素,离子色谱(IC)分析了颗粒物中NH4+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cl-、NO3-、SO42- 7种水溶性离子,同时结合气象因子与主因子分析法(PCA)对PM2.5进行追因溯源.结果表明:新乡市采暖季和非采暖季PM2.5浓度均值分别为250.17和148.67 μg·m-3,污染严重;主要金属元素均为Al、Ca、Zn、Fe、Pb,5种元素总共分别占20种金属元素总量的68%和51%;NH4+、SO42-和NO3-占比均超过水溶性盐离子总量的90%.气象条件与地形条件分别对采暖季和非采暖季的PM2.5局地污染有重要影响;PCA结果发现,新乡市采暖季的PM2.5有3个主要来源,分别为燃煤源(31.86%)、农业源/机动车尾气源(19.34%)和土壤/地面扬尘(22.69%);而非采暖季的3个主要来源分别为机动车尾气源/地壳源(41.67%)、煤炭燃烧源/工业排放源(32.20%)及地面扬尘(12.18%).可见煤炭燃烧、机动车尾气排放对新乡市冬、春季大气污染的贡献较大.
- Abstract:During the periods from December 2015 to January 2016 (i.e., heating period in winter, H) and from March 2016 to April 2016 (i.e., non-heating period in spring, NH), up to 125 PM2.5 samples were collected in Xinxiang, Henan Province, central China. For these samples, their mass concentration were analyzed gravimetrically, and the twenty metals and water-soluble ions (including NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, NO3-, and SO42-) were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) and ion chromatography, respectively. Furthermore, meteorological factors in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) were used to analyze key affecting factors and source apportionments of PM2.5. The results showed that air quality in Xinxiang was heavily polluted, with the mean mass concentration of 250.17 μg·m-3 and 148.67 μg·m-3 in H and NH, respectively. The dominant metal elements were recognized as Al, Ca, Zn, Fe and Pb, accounting for 68% and 51% of the 20-total metals in H and NH, respectively. With regard to water-soluble ions in both H and NH, more than 90% of total were composed of NH4+, SO42- and NO3-. Moreover, the PM2.5 pollution in H and NH was ascribed to the meteorological conditions and geographical locations of Xinxiang, respectively. Based on the analysis results of PCA, coal combustion, agricultural source/vehicle exhaust and construction dust/soil dust are the main sources of PM2.5 in H, which account to 31.86%, 19.34%, and 22.69%, respectively. While for NH, vehicle exhaust/road, coal combustion source/industrial emission, dust and soil dust contributed to 41.67%, 32.20% and 12.18%, respectively. Our results suggested that the main contributors to PM2.5 pollution in Xinxiang were coal combustion and vehicle exhaust during the winter-spring period.
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