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研究报告

张子睿,刘哲,戴潞泓,朱恒,戴楠珍,蒋冬升,胡清华,陈晓秋,吴水平.2017年厦门金砖会晤期间气象因素与管控措施对空气质量的影响[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(11):4464-4471

The influence of meteorological factors and control measures on air quality during the 2017 Xiamen BRICS summit

基金项目：国家重点研发计划（No.2016YFC0502901）；国家自然科学基金（No.41471390）；厦门大学校长基金本科生项目（No.20720162006）

摘要：2017年厦门金砖会晤期间采取了大气污染临时管控措施，使AQI小时值和日均值均达到了双优的预期目标.本文根据管控措施实施的前、中、后阶段，厦门及周边城市大气污染物浓度的变化，对气象因素和人为因素的影响分别进行分析.结果发现，气态污染物对临时管控措施的敏感性最强，SO₂和NO₂的降幅（39.9%和25.6%）明显高于PM_2.5和PM₁₀的降幅（5.5%和4.8%），台风外围带来的大风和降水可显著改变大气污染物的周期性变化规律.大气PM_2.5组成及SO₂/NO₂、SO₄^2-/NO₃^-、OC/EC和WSOC/OC等比值变化显示机动车（尤其是柴油货车）是本地区大气污染物的重要来源.控制变量分析显示，厦门金砖会晤期间气象因素对颗粒物和NO₂削减的贡献更大（20.3%），而临时管控措施对SO₂的削减效果更明显（23.2%），且有一半以上（51%~64%）的大气污染物来自外来源输送.

Abstract：The hourly and daily means of AQI were both below 50 (perfect level) during the 2017 Xiamen BRICS Summit due to the temporary air pollution control measures. In this study, the influence of meteorological factors and control measures on the air pollutants were discussed based on their variations during the pre-control, under-control and after-control periods. The results showed that gaseous pollutants were more sensitive to the control measures than that of particulate matters. The drops of SO₂ and NO₂ during the under-control period were 39.9% and 25.6%, respectively which were much higher than those of PM_2.5 (5.5%) and PM₁₀ (4.8%). The high winds and rainfall caused by Typhoon Mawar could significantly reduce the air pollutant levels and their periodicities. The daily variations of major components in PM_2.5 and the ratios of SO₂/NO₂, SO₄^2-/NO₃^-, OC/EC and WSOC/OC indicated that the vehicle exhaust especially heavy duty diesel truck was the major source of air pollutants in Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Quanzhou cities. Around 20.3% drop of NO₂ during the BRICS Summit was attributed to the meteorological factors while 23.2% drop of SO₂ was due to the influence of temporary control measures. More than half (51%~64%) of the air pollutants in Xiamen was from regional transport during the under-control period.