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摘要：使用便携式车载排放测试系统测试了2辆国VI公交车和2辆国Ⅲ公交车燃用不同燃料的实际道路排放特性和经济性.结果表明，相比于燃用京VI车用柴油，国VI公交车燃用B5生物柴油（柴油中掺混5%生物柴油）的CO比排放降低了33.1%，NO_x比排放增加了15.6%，颗粒物数量（PN）比排放降低了13.1%.4辆公交车燃用B5生物柴油的CO排放因子较京VI车用柴油平均降低了29.5%，NO_x排放因子增加了12.7%，PN排放因子降低了9.1%.通过对CO₂的分析发现，燃用B5生物柴油的排放因子较燃用京VI车用柴油增加了11.3%，运用碳平衡计算方法计算油耗，并考虑燃油密度的影响，结果发现，燃用B5生物柴油的百公里油耗较燃用京VI车用柴油增加了11.51%，相差较大，后续需深入研究油品热值等其他理化指标对燃油经济性的影响.

Abstract：The portable measurement emissions system was used to test the real road emission characteristics and economics of using different fuels for two China VI buses and two China Ⅲ buses. Based on the vehicle studied in this paper the results show that compared with the use of Beijing VI diesel, the CO emissions from the use of B5 biodiesel by the China VI bus decreased by 33.1%, the NO_x increased by 15.6%, and the PN decreased by 13.1%. The CO emission factor of B5 biodiesel for four buses was 29.5% lower than that of Beijing VI diesel, the NO_x emission factor was increased by 12.7%, and the PN emission factor was reduced by 9.1%. Through the analysis of CO₂, the CO₂ emission factor of B5 biodiesel increased by 11.3% compared with Beijing VI diesel, and the fuel consumption was calculated by using the carbon balance calculation method. The fuel density were comprehensively considered, and the results showed that the fuel consumption of B5 compared to Beijing VI was increased by 11.51% over a hundred kilometers, and the overall difference was significant. Subsequent research is needed to study the impact of other physical and chemical indicators such as oil calorific value on fuel economy.