• 关键词：优化施氮  硝化抑制剂  N₂O-N  NH₃-N  河套灌区

• 基金项目：国家重点研发计划项目（No.2016YFC0501300）

• 李艳勤
• 内蒙古农业大学/内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010010

• 刘刚
• 内蒙古农业大学/内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010010

• 红梅
• 内蒙古农业大学/内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010010

• 武岩
• 内蒙古农业大学/内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010010

• 常菲
• 内蒙古农业大学/内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010010

• 摘要：以河套灌区盐化潮土为研究对象，采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法和通气法研究了4个施肥处理（不施肥（CK）、传统施肥（CON）、优化处理1（OPT1，减氮53.3%）、优化处理2（OPT2，减氮53.3%+硝化抑制剂））对河套灌区玉米农田氧化亚氮（N₂O-N）排放、氨挥发（NH₃-N）损失和玉米产量的影响.结果表明：氮肥减量显著降低了土壤N₂O-N排放和NH₃-N挥发；相比于CON处理，OPT1处理的N₂O-N排放量和NH₃-N挥发量分别降低了45.2%和68.8%（p<0.05），但N₂O-N损失氮素比率增加了9.7%（p<0.05）.施用硝化抑制剂可显著降低土壤N₂O-N排放，与OPT1处理相比，OPT2处理可降低34.6%（p<0.05）的N₂O-N排放和41.5%（p<0.05）的N₂O-N损失氮素比率，但NH₃-N挥发增加了47.5%（p<0.05）.OPT1处理显著降低了玉米产量，降幅达22.1%（p<0.05），而OPT2处理相对于OPT1处理增产32.9%（p<0.05），与传统施肥处理无差异.因此，综合N₂O-N排放、NH₃-N挥发及玉米产量可知，OPT2是较为合理的施肥措施，值得在河套灌区推广.

• Abstract：A field study was conducted to investigate the effect of optimization of the nitrogen fertilizer management on nitrous oxide (N₂O-N) emission and ammonia volatilization (NH₃-N) from maize fields in the Hetao irrigation area. Seasonal variations of N₂O-N flux and NH₃-N volatization were monitored using static chamber-gas chromatography method and aeration method, respectively. Four treatments, i.e. non-fertilizer (CK), conventional fertilization (CON), optimized treatment 1 (OPT1, reducing the nitrogen fertilization rate by 53.3%), optimized treatment 2 (OPT2, OPT1 plus the use of nitrification inhibitor), were tested in the experiment. The results showed that reducing nitrogen fertilizer significantly reduced N₂O-N emission and NH₃-N volatization. Compared to treatment CON, treatment OPT1 reduced N₂O-N emission and NH₃-N volatization by 45.2% and 68.8% (p<0.05), respectively, while increasing the amount of applied N lost as N₂O-N by 9.7%(p<0.05). The use of nitrification inhibitor significantly reduced N₂O-N emission and the amount of applied N lost as N₂O-N by 34.6%(p<0.05) and 41.5% (p<0.05), respectively, in comparison with Treatment OPT1, but its NH₃-N volatization was 47.5%(p<0.05) higher than that of treatment OPT1. Compared to treatment CON, treatment OPT1 reduced maize yield by 22.1% (p<0.05), treatment OPT2 increased yield by 32.9%(p<0.05) compared to treatment OPT1 (p<0.05) and there is no difference in maize yield between treatment OPT2 and treatment CON. Therefore, based on comprehensive consideration of N₂O-N emission, NH₃ volatilization and maize yield, combination of reduction of nitrogen fertilization rate and the use of nitrification maybe is a reasonable field management practice in Hetao irrigation area.

• Key words：optimized nitrogen application  nitrification inhibitor  N₂O-N  NH₃-N  Hetao irrigation area

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