• 关键词：原油污染  运移锋面  非均质土层  运移与分布特性

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（No.41502261）；浙江省自然科学基金项目（No.LY19D060003）；浙江省大学生科技创新活动计划（新苗人才计划）项目（No.2017R411029，2018R411005）；国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目（No.201810340014）

• 童森炜
• 浙江海洋大学水产学院, 舟山 316022

• 潘玉英
• 1. 浙江海洋大学水产学院, 舟山 316022;2. 浙江省海洋渔业装备技术研究重点实验室, 舟山 316022;3. 临港石油天然气储运技术国家地方联合工程实验室, 舟山 316022

• 杨楠柠
• 浙江海洋大学水产学院, 舟山 316022

• 杨建丰
• 浙江海洋大学水产学院, 舟山 316022

• 童奕涵
• 浙江海洋大学水产学院, 舟山 316022

• 蒋巧丽
• 浙江海洋大学水产学院, 舟山 316022

• 刘港华
• 浙江海洋大学水产学院, 舟山 316022

• 摘要：原油作为主要能源之一对现代社会的重要作用不言而喻，但其所带来的污染危害同样不容忽视.通过自制的有机玻璃水槽，建立模型模拟自然地层的非均质性，模拟了原油在沿海土-水系统中的运移过程，探讨了局部非渗透性透镜体、底部隔水层、土壤初始含水率、土壤质地、岩性突变界面对原油在砂土中运移速度和路径的影响.结果表明，局部非渗透性透镜体和底部隔水层对原油的运移具有阻碍作用，会改变其运动速度和路径.在一定范围内，土壤初始含水率越高，原油的侧向运移速率和垂向运移速率越大（模拟成层性土层中原油垂向运移速率随含水率增大，由0.43 cm·min^-1增大到1.00 cm·min^-1，在低含水率区域原油侧向运移速率分别为0.08 cm·min^-1（粗-细界面）和0.10 cm·min^-1（细-粗界面），而在含水率较高的区域则为0.14 cm·min^-1），而过高的含水率又会阻碍原油的运移.土壤孔隙越大，垂向运移越快，侧向运移越慢，反之，垂向运移越慢，侧向运移越快（模拟成层性土层中，原油在粗砂中的垂向平均运移速率为0.54 cm·min^-1，而在细砂中仅为0.33 cm·min^-1，自然泄漏时原油在粗砂中的最大扩散范围为9.10 cm，在细砂中为12.50 cm）.原油在土壤中运移遇到岩性突变界面时，会产生聚集效应，在聚集处产生侧向运移，试验中在粗-细界面扩散宽度为6.70 cm，在细-粗界面扩散宽度为29.00 cm.

• Abstract：It is self-evident that crude oil plays an important role in modern society, but its pollution can not be ignored. The migration of crude oil in the coastal soil-water system in a self-made plexiglass sink were studied through simulating the heterogeneity of natural strata. the effects of the local low permeability lens, bottom water barrier, initial moisture content of soil, lithology mutation interface on the migration velocities and paths of crude oil in soil were explored. The results show that the local low permeability lens and bottom water barrier have hindering effect an will change the migration velocity and route of crude oil. Within a certain range, the higher the initial soil water content, the higher the lateral and vertical migration rates of crude oil (in the experiment of layered soil, the vertical migration velocity of crude oil increases with the water content from 0.43 cm·min^-1 to 1.00 cm·min^-1, and the lateral migration rate of crude oil in the low water content region is 0.01 cm·min^-1 and 0.08 cm·min^-1, while in the region with a high water content, it is 0.14 cm·min^-1), but the excessive moisture content will impede the migration of crude oil. The larger of the soil porosity, the faster of the vertical migration and the slower of the lateral migration; on the contrary, the smaller of the soil porosity, the slower of the vertical migration and the faster the lateral migration is (in the experiment of layered soil, the vertical average migration rate of crude oil in coarse sand is 0.54 cm·min^-1, while it is only 0.33 cm·min^-1 in fine sand, the maximum diffusion range of crude oil in coarse sand during natural leakage is 9.10 cm, while it is 12.50 cm in fine sand).When the crude oil comes across lithology mutation interface in the migration in the soil, it will produce an aggregation effect, and the lateral migration will produce at the gathering place, the diffusion width at the coarse-fine interface was 6.70 cm, and the diffusion width at the fine-coarse interface was 29.00 cm in the experiment.

• Key words：crude oil pollution  migration front  heterogeneous soil layer  migration and distribution characteristics

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