• 关键词：生物质炭  土壤重金属  钝化  整合分析

• 基金项目："十三五"国家重点研发计划专项（No.2018YFD0800502）；中国留学基金委资助项目（No.201406955019）

• 黄敏
• 武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院, 武汉 430070

• 刘茜
• 武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院, 武汉 430070

• 朱楚仪
• 武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院, 武汉 430070

• 黄鑫
• 武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院, 武汉 430070

• 童雄
• 武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院, 武汉 430070

• 杨列
• 武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院, 武汉 430070

• 摘要：大量研究表明生物质炭施用可改变重金属在土壤中的生物有效性，但这种影响取决于土壤理化性质、生物质炭的种类与施用量等.本文以公开发表的81篇有关生物质炭与土壤重金属有效性的研究论文为基础进行归纳整理，采用数据整合分析方法，从土壤性质、生物质炭的特性与施用量等方面量化了生物质炭对土壤有效态Cd、Pb的影响.结果显示，与不施用生物质炭处理相比，施用生物质炭对土壤中Cd和Pb均具有显著的钝化效果，其有效态含量平均降低了37.59%和51.37%.其中，生物质炭对不同质地土壤Cd、Pb钝化效果表现为：砂质土壤 > 壤质土壤 > 粘质土壤，且生物质炭施用可使砂质土壤中有效态Cd、Pb平均降低47.18%和57.82%；生物质炭施用对弱酸性土壤Cd、Pb的钝化效果均最佳，弱酸性土壤Cd、Pb有效态含量平均降幅分别为50.05%和58.60%，略高于中性土壤，明显高于碱性土壤.从生物质炭类型看，壳渣类生物质炭施用使土壤有效态Cd、Pb降幅最大，分别为58.44%和71.28%；在500~600℃的温度区间下制备获取的生物质炭可使土壤有效态Cd、Pb显著降低52.23%和60.90%；当生物质炭pH在7~8，土壤中Cd的有效态含量降低了71.93%，当生物质炭pH小于7时，有效态Pb降幅最大为61.88%.另外，土壤Cd、Pb的钝化效果随着生物质炭施用量的增加而提高，当生物质炭施用量大于5%时，Cd、Pb有效态的降幅最大，分别达到54.41%和77.47%.可见，在选择生物质炭来修复重金属污染土壤时，应根据土壤性质来选择适宜的生物质炭种类及其施用量，以达到更好的钝化效果.

• Abstract：A large number of studies have shown that the application of biochar can change the bioavailability of heavy metals in soils, but this effect varies with soil property, biochar type and dosage. In this paper, the effects of biochar on the availability of Cd and Pb in soil were quantified using the meta-analysis method, based on 81 published papers investigating heavy metals availability in soils by applying biochar. The results showed that the biochar had a significant immobilization effect on the availability of Cd and Pb in soils. Compared to the control (without biochar application),the contents of available Cd and Pb were decreased by 37.59% and 51.37% on average, respectively. When the biochar was added into with different texture, the immobilization of Cd and Pb was descended in the following order:sandy > loamy > clay. Specifically, the contents of available Cd and Pb in sandy soils were decreased by 47.18% and 57.82%, respectively. In addition, the best immobilization effects were found in the weakly acidic soil with an average reduction of 50.05% and 58.60% for Cd and Pb, respectively, which was slightly higher than that in the neutral soil but significantly higher than that in the alkaline soil. Among all the biochar types, the shell-and residue-derived biochars were the most effective one in reducing available Cd and Pb in soils, i.e., by 58.44% and 71.28%, respectively. Biochar produced under pyrolysis temperature ranging from 500℃ to 600℃ can significantly reduce available Cd and Pb in soils by 52.23% and 60.90%, respectively. The contents of available Cd were decreased by 71.93% with the biochar pH value between 7 and 8 while the available Pb was decreased by 61.88% when the biochar pH was lower than 7. Moreover, the immobilization of soil Cd and Pb was enhanced with increased biochar dosage, e.g., the maximum reductions in available Cd and Pb were observed when the biochar dosage was more than 5%, achieving a reduction of 54.41% and 77.47% for Cd and Pb, respectively. Therefore, the suitable type and dosage of biochar should be selected according to the soil property in the remediation of soils polluted by heavy metals.

• Key words：biochar  heavy metals in soil  immobilization  meta-analysis

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