车丽娜,刘硕,韩金凤,齐少群,于益.哈尔滨市融雪径流中重金属污染空间分布及源解析[J].环境科学学报,2019,39(5):1572-1580
哈尔滨市融雪径流中重金属污染空间分布及源解析
- Spatial distribution and source apportionment of heavy metals in the snowmelt runoff in Harbin
- 基金项目：国家自然科学基金（No.41501033）
- 车丽娜
- 哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院, 哈尔滨 150025
- 刘硕
- 哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院, 哈尔滨 150025
- 韩金凤
- 哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院, 哈尔滨 150025
- 齐少群
- 哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院, 哈尔滨 150025
- 于益
- 哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院, 哈尔滨 150025
- 摘要：根据2018年哈尔滨市融雪径流中重金属（Fe、Pb、Cr、Cd、Hg和Zn）监测数据，结合气象数据，运用暴雨洪水管理模型（SWMM）构建了城市融雪过程水文及水质模型.对各排水口及汇水区融雪径流产出量、单位面积重金属负荷量进行了计算，并在此基础上分析了融雪径流中重金属污染的空间分布特征及主要来源.结果表明：在采集的融雪径流样品中，Fe浓度最大，平均值为4.95 mg·L-1；Hg浓度最小，平均值为0.542 μg·L-1；Pb浓度变化范围最大，在32.14~254.36 μg·L-1之间；Hg浓度变化范围最小，为0.038~0.841 μg·L-1.在空间分布上，Fe、Pb、Cr、Cd和Zn 5种重金属浓度的高值区均分布在人口密集的居民区、商业区及主要交通道路周围.排水口重金属污染产出量与径流量成正比，总产出量Fe > Pb > Cr > Cd > Hg > Zn.Zn产出量由高到低的排放口依次为马家沟、阿什河、松北区排放口、何家沟、道里区排放口和道外区排放口，其它5种重金属产污量总体呈现阿什河 > 马家沟 > 何家沟 > 松北区排放口 > 道里区排放口 > 道外区排放口的趋势.Fe的单位面积负荷总量最大，为2405.94 μg·m-2；Pb和Cr次之，为36.36 μg·m-2和14 μg·m-2.主成分分析结果表明哈尔滨市春季融雪径流中重金属的主要来源依次为工业源、生活与机动车源和燃煤源，贡献率分别为43.237%、23.598%和12.012%.
- Abstract：According to the monitoring data of heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cr, Cd, Hg and Zn) in the snowmelt runoff of Harbin in 2018, the hydrological and water quality model of urban snow melting process were built by using Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The snowmelt runoff yield and the unit-area-load of heavy metals from each discharge outlet and catchment area were calculated. Based on this, the spatial distribution characteristics and the main sources of the heavy metals in snowmelt runoff were analyzed. The results show that among the six heavy metals, the average concentration of iron is the highest (4.95 mg·L-1) and mercury is the lowest (0.542 μg·L-1). The concentrations of lead vary the most, between 32.14 μg·L-1 and 254.36 μg·L-1, and the least for mercury at 0.038~0.841 μg·L-1 in the snowmelt runoff samples. In the spatial distribution, higher concentrations of Fe, Pb, Cr, Cd and Zn are distributed around densely populated areas, commercial areas and traffic roads. The output of heavy metal pollutants in discharge outlet is proportional to the runoff, and the total output decreases from iron to zinc (Fe > Pb > Cr > Cd > Hg > Zn). The zinc production of each discharge outlet from the highest to the lowest is Majiagou, Ash River, Songbei District discharge outlet, Hejiagou, Daoli District discharge outlet and Daowai District discharge outlet, respectively. The trend of other five heavy metals in the discharge outlet is from Ash River to Daowai District discharge outlet (Ash River > Majiagou > Hejiagou > Songbei District discharge outlet > Daoli District discharge outlet > Daowai District discharge outlet). The total load of iron is 2405.94 μg·m-2 which is the highest, followed by lead and chromium with 36.36 μg·m-2 and 14 μg·m-2, respectively. The result of the principal component analysis shows that the main sources of heavy metals in spring snowmelt runoff in Harbin City are the industrial sources, living and motor vehicle sources, and coal-fired sources, with contribution rates of 43.237%, 23.598% and 12.012% respectively.
