研究论文
窦攀烽,左舒翟,任引,戴劭勍,云国梁.气候和土地利用/覆被变化对宁波地区生态系统产水服务的影响[J].环境科学学报,2019,39(7):2398-2409
气候和土地利用/覆被变化对宁波地区生态系统产水服务的影响
- The impacts of climate and land use/land cover changes on water yield service in Ningbo region
- 基金项目：国家重点研发计划（No.2016YFC0502704）；国家自然科学基金（No.31670645，31470578，31200363）；国家社会科学基金（No.17ZDA058）；福建省科技厅项目（No.2016T3032，2016T3037，2016Y0083，2018T3018，2015Y0083）；中国科学院城市环境与健康重点实验室项目（No.KLUEH-C-201701）
- 作者
- 单位
- 窦攀烽
- 1. 中国科学院城市环境研究所城市环境与健康重点实验室, 厦门 361021;2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
- 左舒翟
- 中国科学院城市环境研究所城市环境与健康重点实验室, 厦门 361021
- 任引
- 中国科学院城市环境研究所城市环境与健康重点实验室, 厦门 361021
- 戴劭勍
- 1. 中国科学院城市环境研究所城市环境与健康重点实验室, 厦门 361021;2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
- 云国梁
- 中国科学院城市环境研究所城市环境与健康重点实验室, 厦门 361021
- 摘要：提供水资源是重要的生态系统服务功能之一，对区域经济和生态系统的可持续发展具有重要作用.近年来，人类活动对水资源的需求量增加，加之水环境污染和水资源浪费现象严重，造成了部分地区的缺水问题.在此背景下，本文以宁波地区为例，研究气候变化和土地利用/覆被变化对生态系统产水服务的影响.首先，利用InVEST模型中的产水量模块，估算了区域的产水量.然后，利用情景分析的方法设计6种情景，分析了气候变化和土地利用/覆被变化对区域产水量的影响.最后，量化了气候和土地利用/覆被变化这2种因素对生态系统产水服务的贡献程度，并讨论了形成机制.研究表明：①2000-2015年，宁波地区的降水量增加了6.44%，潜在蒸散量减少了8.35%.城镇化导致建设用地面积增加了120%，耕地面积减少了22.37%.在气候变化和土地利用/覆被变化的共同作用下，平均产水量增加了10.91%.②气候变化对生态系统产水服务的影响更为显著，而土地利用/覆被变化的影响较小.其中，2000-2015年气候变化对宁波地区产水量的贡献率高达97.56%，而土地利用/覆被变化的贡献率仅为2.44%.③城镇生态系统的产水量高于其他生态系统类型，农田生态系统的产水量高于森林和草地生态系统.因此，城镇化会增加产水量，退耕还林还草会导致产水量的减少.
- Abstract：Providing water resources is one of the most important ecosystem services functions and plays an important role in the sustainable development of regional economy and ecosystem. In recent years, the increased demand for water resources, water pollution and serious waste of water resources due to the human activities result in the water shortage problems in some areas. Under this background, we used Ningbo region as an example to study the impacts of climate and land use/land cover (LULC) changes on water yield service. Firstly, the water yield module of the InVEST model was used to estimate the water yield in the study area. Secondly, six scenarios were designed to analyze the impacts of climate and LULC changes on regional water yield. Finally, the contribution of two factors on water yield ecosystem services was quantified, including climate and LULC changes, and the formation mechanism was discussed. The results show that:①From 2000 to 2015, the precipitation increased by 6.44% and the potential evapotranspiration decreased by 8.35% in Ningbo region. Urbanization caused an increase of 120% in construction land area, and 22.37% in the cultivated land area. Under the combined effects of climate and LULC changes, the average water yield increased by 10.91%. ②The impact of climate change on water yield service is more significant than that of LULC change. Specifically, the contribution of climate change to the water yield is as high as 97.56%, while the contribution of LULC change is only 2.44% in Ningbo region from 2000 to 2015. ③The water yield of urban ecosystem is the highest of any other types of ecosystem. The water yield of farmland ecosystem is higher than that of forest and grassland ecosystem. Therefore, the urbanization would increase the amount of water yield, however the returning farmland to forest or grassland would result in a decrease in water yield.
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