• 关键词：模拟酸雨  真菌  多样性  群落结构  活性碳组分  福州平原稻田

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金（No.41571287）；福建省公益类研究专项（No.2018R1034-1）；福建省高校杰出青年科研人才培育计划2017

• 王晓彤
• 福建师范大学生命科学学院, 福州 350007

• 许旭萍
• 福建师范大学生命科学学院, 福州 350007

• 王维奇
• 2. 福建师范大学地理研究所, 福州 350007;3. 福建师范大学湿润亚热带生态地理过程教育部重点实验室, 福州 350007

• 摘要：酸雨已成为全球农业、环境和生态领域关注的重要问题之一.为了探讨酸雨对稻田土壤真菌多样性的影响，了解真菌群落结构变化与酸雨胁迫之间的关系.本文以福州平原稻田为试验场所，根据福州市近年来的酸雨成分，配置不同酸度的模拟酸雨，计算出喷淋量，并于水稻秧苗移栽后每隔7 d喷淋一次酸雨，直至水稻收割.当水稻收获时，采集土壤样品分析不同酸度模拟酸雨处理下早、晚稻土壤真菌群落组成及其丰度.结果表明：①模拟酸雨处理改变了稻田土壤真菌的相对丰度、多样性及群落组成，且不同处理中真菌的优势菌属及相对丰度也具有差异；②早稻3个模拟酸雨处理组均使稻田土壤真菌多样性降低，在晚稻生长期，pH=2.5和pH=3.5处理使稻田土壤真菌多样性降低，而pH=4.5处理则使真菌多样性显著升高；③模拟酸雨处理使Paranamyces、刺座霉属（Volutella）、镰刀菌属（Fusarium）的相对丰度显著降低，同时也出现了少量Monographella、Hygrocybe、Acremonium等对照组中不存在的菌属；④早、晚稻pH=4.5处理组与对照组之间真菌的物种多样性及群落结构差异均最大；⑤环境因子能够影响土壤中真菌的相对丰度并改变土壤碳组分，其中，真菌Westerdykella（韦斯特壳属）的相对丰度与稻田土壤电导率（EC）呈显著负相关（p<0.01），Psilocybe的相对丰度与稻田土壤微生物量碳（MBC）呈显著正相关（p<0.01）.

• Abstract：Acid rain has become one of the most important issues in the global agricultural, environmental and ecological study fields. In order to explore the effect of acid rain on paddy soil fungi diversity, and to understand the relationship between fungal community structure and acid rain stress, the paddy field in Fuzhou Plain was taken as the study site, and set the simulated acid rain of different acidity according to the acid rain component of Fuzhou in recent years, and calculation the spray dose, then simulation acid rain on each 7 d after the rice seedlings transplantation until the rice was harvested. Soil samples were collected to analyze the composition and abundance of fungal communities in early and late paddy fields under simulated acid rain treatment after rice harvest. The results showed that:①The relative abundance, diversity and community composition of soil fungi was changed in the simulated acid rain treatment in paddy field, and the dominant genus and relative abundance of fungi were also differed in various treatments. ②The fungi diversity was reduced in the simulated acid rain treatment in the early paddy field, moreover, fungi diversity was also reduced in the pH=2.5 and pH=3.5 treatments while fungi diversity significantly increased in the pH=4.5 treatment in the late paddy field. ③The relative abundance of Paranamyces, Volutella, Fusarium were significantly decreased in the simulated acid rain treatment, furthermore, appeared Monographella, Hygrocybe, Acremonium, which was not existed in the control. ④The species diversity and community structure of fungi were significantly different between the pH=4.5 and the control group in the early and late paddy fields. ⑤The relative abundance of fungi was influenced by the environmental factors, and then further affected the soil carbon composition. The relative abundance of the fungus genus Westerdykella was significantly and negatively correlated with the soil conductivity in the paddy field (p<0.01). The relative abundance of Psilocybe was significantly and positively correlated with the soil microbial biomass carbon (p<0.01).

• Key words：simulated acid rain  fungi  diversity  community structure  activated carbon component  paddy fields in Fuzhou Plain

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