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研究论文

基金项目：国家自然科学基金（No.31371868）；高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金（No.20121401110007）；中国博士后科学基金（No.2014M551056）

摘要：以拟南芥为材料，利用高通量测序技术并结合生物信息学分析方法，检测二氧化硫（SO₂）处理后拟南芥植株的小分子RNA表达谱，筛选SO₂胁迫响应microRNAs（miRNAs）分子，研究植物miRNAs对逆境胁迫的应答机制.结果发现，30 mg·m^-3 SO₂处理72 h后，拟南芥地上组织小分子RNA长度分布发生改变，在对照组和SO₂组中均有大量特有的小分子RNA序列，说明SO₂胁迫可诱导拟南芥小分子RNA的表达改变.SO₂胁迫诱导186个保守miRNA和16个新miRNA分子差异表达，其靶基因主要涉及转录调控、信号转导、代谢、刺激响应等生理过程.差异表达的miR160和miR393可通过生长素信号途径调控植株生长发育，参与植物对SO₂的胁迫响应.本研究揭示了植物中参与SO₂胁迫应答的miRNA种类及作用机制，进一步阐明了miRNAs在植物抗逆应答过程中的作用.

Abstract：MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that play important regulative roles in response to environmental stress. Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) is one of the most common and harmful air pollutants. In this study, we investigated the miRNAs expression profiles to indentify SO₂-responsive miRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana shoots by using deep sequencing. The results showed that the length distribution and the abundance of small RNAs (sRNAs) were changed in Arabidopsis shoots after exposed to 30 mg·m^-3 SO₂ for 72 h. Meanwhile, there were many specific sRNAs sequences in both the control and SO₂-treated Arabidopsis shoots. Our results indicated that SO₂ exposure induced the changes in expression levels of sRNAs in Arabidopsis. A total of 186 conserved miRNAs and 16 novel miRNAs are expressed differentially under SO₂ stress. Functional analysis showed that the target genes of SO₂-responsive miRNAs were involved in transcription regulation, signal transduction, metabolism and stress response. The expression levels of miR160 and miR393 were significantly up-regulated in response to SO₂ stress, which would affect plant growth and development through regulating auxin signaling pathway. This study revealed the miRNAs that involved in SO₂ stress response and the regulatory mechanisms, and further clarified the role of miRNAs in plant defense responses.