李亚华,鲁建江,尹晓文,刘子龙,童延斌,周立.石河子市采暖季和非采暖季住宅中邻苯二甲酸酯的污染特征及婴幼儿健康风险评估[J].环境科学学报,2019,39(9):3154-3162
石河子市采暖季和非采暖季住宅中邻苯二甲酸酯的污染特征及婴幼儿健康风险评估
- Pollution characteristics of phthalates in residences during heating and non-heating seasons and health risk assessment to infants and children in Shihezi
- 基金项目：国家自然科学基金（No.21567024）；新疆生产建设兵团社会科学基金（No.18YB13）
- 李亚华
- 新疆生产建设兵团化工绿色过程重点实验室, 石河子大学化工学院, 石河子 832003
- 鲁建江
- 新疆生产建设兵团化工绿色过程重点实验室, 石河子大学化工学院, 石河子 832003
- 尹晓文
- 石河子大学医学院附属第一医院, 石河子 832002
- 刘子龙
- 新疆生产建设兵团化工绿色过程重点实验室, 石河子大学化工学院, 石河子 832003
- 童延斌
- 新疆生产建设兵团化工绿色过程重点实验室, 石河子大学化工学院, 石河子 832003
- 周立
- 新疆生产建设兵团化工绿色过程重点实验室, 石河子大学化工学院, 石河子 832003
- 摘要：为了解石河子市住宅中邻苯二甲酸酯（Phthalates，PAEs）的污染特征及PAEs对婴幼儿产生的健康风险.本研究对石河子市采暖季和非采暖季50户住宅降尘中的7种PAEs物质进行检测，利用蒙特卡洛（Monte Carlo）模拟和生理提取实验（PBET）评估了PAEs暴露对0~3岁婴幼儿产生的生殖和癌症风险.结果表明：①不同时期石河子市卧室和客厅降尘中邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（diisobutyl phthalate，DIBP）、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（Dibutyl phthalate，DBP）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基）己酯[Bis （2-ethylhexyl） phthalate，DEHP]均为室内PAEs的主要组成物质，占总PAEs的99.5%以上，其中DEHP为首要PAEs物质（浓度中位数值为361~462 μg·g-1），DBP次之（浓度中位数值为94.9~166 μg·g-1）；②除DIBP外，采暖季卧室和客厅降尘中各PAEs的浓度均高于非采暖季，且差异具有统计学显著性（p<0.05），此趋势对小分子质量的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（Dimethyl phthalate，DMP）和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（Diethyl phthalate，DEP）而言更明显，DMP采暖季浓度中位数值：0.36~0.42 μg·g-1 >非采暖季：nd，DEP采暖季：0.65~0.71 μg·g-1 >非采暖季：nd~0.03 μg·g-1；③利用风险指数（HQ）进行健康风险评估表明，采暖季和非采暖季DBP暴露可能会对0~3岁婴幼儿产生较大的生殖风险（HQDBP=2.62~5.79）；DEHP暴露可能会对0~2岁婴幼儿产生较大的癌症风险（HQDEHP=3.51~5.22）.当考虑生物可及性后，仍有8%~37%的婴幼儿可能存在生殖风险，几乎所有婴幼儿无癌症风险.
- Abstract：In order to understand the characteristics of phthalates (PAEs) indoor concentrations and the associated health risks to infants and children during heating and non-heating seasons in the City of Shihezi, China, this study investigated the concentrations of seven PAEs in dust samples collected from 50 families during the heating and non-heating periods. Monte Carlo simulation and physiological based extraction test (PBET) were used to assess the risk of reproduction and cancer. The results show that Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di (2-ethyl) phthalate (DEHP) were the major phthalates during both heating and non-heating periods, together accounting for more than 99.5% of PAEs. DEHP was the primary phthalate (median=361~462 μg·g-1), followed by DBP (median=94.9~166 μg·g-1). Except for DIBP, the concentrations of other six PAEs in the bedrooms and living rooms during the heating period were statistically higher than these during the non-heating period (p<0.05). This trend appears even more obvious for the compounds with lower molecule weight, such as dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and diethyl phthalate (DEP). DMP concentration during the heating period varied from 0.36 μg·g-1 to 0.42 μg·g-1 while under the detection limit during the non-heating period. Similarly, DEP concentration during the heating period varied between 0.65 μg·g-1 and 0.71 μg·g-1 while it was generally less than 0.03 μg·g-1 during the non-heating period. Health risk assessment by hazard quotient (HQ) indicated that during both heating and non-heating periods, DBP exposure may cause reproductive risk to the age group of 0~3 years old (HQDBP=2.62~5.79); DEHP exposure may cause greater cancer risk to the age group of 0~2 years old (HQDEHP=3.51~5.22). After considering the bioavailability of PAEs in dust, 8% to 37% of infants and children may still face the reproductive risk, and almost all infants and children don't face the cancer risk.
