曾鹏,辛存林,于奭,朱海燕,刘齐.典型西南工业城市柳州市核心区大气污染物时空分布与气象因素研究[J].环境科学学报,2020,40(1):13-26
典型西南工业城市柳州市核心区大气污染物时空分布与气象因素研究
- Spatial and temporal distribution of atmospheric pollutants and meteorological factors in the core district of Liuzhou City, a typical industrial city in Southwest China
- 基金项目：国家重点研发计划（No.2016YFC0502302）；地质调查项目（No.D20160305）；广西自然科学基金（No.2017GXNSFFA198006）；国家自然科学基金（No.41262001）
- 曾鹏
- 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 兰州 730070
- 辛存林
- 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 兰州 730070
- 于奭
- 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室, 桂林 541004
- 朱海燕
- 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 兰州 730070
- 摘要：为研究柳州市核心区大气污染物浓度时空变化规律与气象因素之间的关系，统计分析了2018年全年研究区内6个自动监测站点PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、O3和CO的浓度监测数据和气象站气象数据，并对28次超标日污染物来源进行了解析.结果显示：①核心区颗粒污染物污染较为严重，且以PM2.5为主的细颗粒污染物仍为柳州市主要的大气污染物；各污染物月均浓度季节差异显著，除NO2外柳州大气污染物浓度下降明显，指示柳州市多项节能减排综合整治措施成效显著；PM2.5、PM10、CO受早晚高峰期影响，浓度日变化均呈双峰型；NO2在不同季节峰型不同，作为O3前体物其浓度日变化与O3相反，呈现"早峰午谷"的变化趋势.②通过对污染物浓度插值发现，由于核心区主要工商业区位于西部且处于主导风向下风向，故PM2.5和SO2浓度西北高、东南低，PM10、NO2和CO浓度西南高、东北低；核心区东部的山区为O3生成带来大量前体物，使O3浓度东南高、西北低.③由于气候特征，核心区春、夏季主要气象因素均为降水量；秋季的主要气象因素是风速，风速与污染物的负相关关系表明了风的扩散效应；冬季大部分污染物与气象因素的相关性不显著，表明人为因素对污染物的影响大于气象因素；核心区大气污染物主要来源于局地排放和区域传输，且南北主导风向对大气污染影响最大.④HYSPLIT模型结果指示柳州超标日大气污染物主要来自于珠三角地区，且陆源颗粒物浓度普遍比海洋源高，来自南部的远距离输送气流颗粒物含量最低，表明远距离输送为影响颗粒物传播的主要原因.
- Abstract：In order to investigate the relationship between temporal and spatial variation of atmospheric pollutant concentration and meteorological factors in the core area of Liuzhou City, the concentration monitoring data of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, CO and meteorological data of meteorological stations at six automatic monitoring stations in the study area were collected and analyzed over a period of one year(2018). In addition, the sources of exceeding standard daily pollutants were analyzed for 28 times. The results show that:① The particulate pollutants in the core area are more seriously polluted, and the fine particulate pollutants (mainly included PM2.5) are still the main atmospheric pollutants. The monthly average concentration of each pollutant was significantly different. Except for NO2, the concentration of air pollutants in Liuzhou decreased significantly, indicating that the comprehensive measures for energy conservation and emission reduction in Liuzhou were effective; PM2.5, PM10, CO were affected by the morning and evening peak, the pattern of diurnal variation of concentration is double peaks.As the precursor of O3, the peaks of NO2 were different in four seasons. The diurnal variation concentration of NO2 present the trend of "early peaks and midday valleys" and contrary to O3. ② The interpolation of pollutant concentration show that the main commercial districts in the core area are located in the west and in the downstream wind direction, therefore, the concentrations of PM2.5 and SO2 were higher in the northwest and lower in the southeast, and the concentrations of PM10, NO2 and CO are higher in the southwest and lower in the northeast; the concentration of O3 higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest indicate that a large number of precursors of O3 could originated from the mountainous area in the eastern part of the district. ③ Due to climatic characteristics, the main meteorological factors in spring and summer are precipitation; the main meteorological factor in autumn is wind speed, and the negative correlation between wind speed and pollutants may induced by the diffusion effect of wind; the correlation between most pollutants and meteorological factors is not significant in winter, indicating that the influence of anthropogenic factors on pollution is greater than meteorological factors; the atmospheric pollutants in the core area mainly originate from local emissions and regional transmission, and the dominant wind direction in the north and south has the greatest impact on atmospheric pollution. ④The HYSPLIT model shows that the exceeding standard daily pollutants mainly come from the Pearl River Delta region, and the concentration of terrestrial particulate matter is generally higher than the marine source. The particulate matter content of long-distance airflow from the south is lowest, indicating that long-distance transportation is the main factor affecting the transmission of particulate matter.
