• 关键词：岩溶湿地  干湿季  表层沉积物  营养物质  分布特征  污染评价

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（No.31760245，31560237）

• 张紫霞
• 1. 西南林业大学, 生态与环境学院, 昆明 650224;2. 西南林业大学, 石漠化研究院, 昆明 650224

• 刘鹏
• 1. 西南林业大学, 生态与环境学院, 昆明 650224;2. 西南林业大学, 石漠化研究院, 昆明 650224

• 王妍
• 西南林业大学, 生态与环境学院, 昆明 650224

• 张超
• 西南林业大学, 林学院, 昆明 650224

• 刘云根
• 1. 西南林业大学, 生态与环境学院, 昆明 650224;2. 西南林业大学, 水科学与工程中心, 昆明 650224

• 杨波
• 西南林业大学, 石漠化研究院, 昆明 650224

• 张叶飞
• 西南林业大学, 石漠化研究院, 昆明 650224

• 摘要：探究典型岩溶湿地沉积物营养物质的污染状况及其富营养化风险，以期为岩溶湿地水-沉积物污染的控制与治理提供参考和依据.以典型岩溶流域普者黑为研究区，运用抓斗式底泥采样器对流域内河流湿地、湖泊湿地、沼泽湿地和库塘湿地的表层沉积物进行采样，并采用国家标准方法对沉积物中总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）及有机质（OM）的含量进行测定，并运用单因子指数法、有机指数法及有机氮指数法对普者黑岩溶流域不同类型湿地沉积物的污染程度进行评价.结果表明：①在干季，河流湿地TP含量最高，为1.18 g·kg^-1，沼泽湿地TN和OM含量最高，分别为2.93、2.71 g·kg^-1；库塘湿地TN、TP和OM含量最低，分别为1.44、0.63、1.43 g·kg^-1.在湿季，河流湿地TP和OM含量最高，分别为0.95、2.16 g·kg^-1，湖泊湿地TN含量最高，为2.22 g·kg^-1；沼泽湿地TP和OM含量最低，分别为0.42、1.28 g·kg^-1，库塘湿地TN含量最低，为1.22 g·kg^-1.②普者黑不同类型湿地沉积物TN、TP、OM在干、湿季下的污染程度不同.在干季，河流湿地和沼泽湿地沉积物磷污染均为重度污染，4种湿地沉积物氮污染均为重度污染，有机污染除库塘湿地属于轻度污染外，其他3种湿地均为中度污染.在湿季，河流湿地沉积物磷污染为重度污染，河流湿地和湖泊湿地沉积物氮污染均为重度污染，湖泊湿地沉积物有机污染属于重度污染.总体上看，各类湿地沉积物氮磷污染干季的污染程度比湿季严重，干季以外源为主，湿季以内源为主；故干季湿地沉积物营养盐潜在释放风险较湿季大.

• Abstract：To explore the pollution status and eutrophication risk of nutrients in typical karst wetland sediments, thus to help pollution control and remediation. the surface sediments of fluvial, lacustrine, swamp and Kutang wetlands in a typical karst basin were sampled by grab-bucket sediment sampler. The contents of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and organic matter (OM) in sediment were determined by national standard methods, and the single factor index method was used. Organic index method and organic nitrogen index method were used to evaluate the pollution degree of different wetland sediments in Puzhehei Karst Basin. The results showed that:① in dry season, TP content at 1.18 g·kg^-1 in wetland was the highest, and TN and OM content at 2.93 and 2.71 g·kg^-1 in marshland of was the highes. The lowest TN, TP and OM in Kutang wetland were 1.44, 0.63 and 1.43 g·kg^-1. In wet season, TP and OM content in river wetland were the highest at 0.95 and 2.16 g·kg^-1, TN was the highest in lake wetland at 2.22 g·kg^-1. The content of TP and OM in swamp wetland were the lowest at 0.42 and 1.28 g·kg^-1, TN was the lowest in Kutang wetland at 1.22 g·kg^-1. ② TN, TP, OM of dry and wet seasons were different in different types of wetland sediment in Puzhehei wetland. The degree of pollution varies in wet season. In dry season, the sediment P of river and swamp wetlands were serious pollution, the N of four wetland sediments were also serious pollution, the organic except the reservoir wetland belongs to light pollution, the other three kinds of wetland were all moderate pollution. In wet season, the P of river wetland sediment wass serious pollution, the N of river wetland and lake wetland sediment was serious pollution, the organic of lake wetland sediment belongs to heavy pollution. On the whole, the organic of lake wetland sediment is serious pollution. The pollution degree of N and P of wetland sediment in dry season was more serious than that in wet season. The main pollution degree was exogenous in dry season and endogenous in wet season. Therefore, the potential release risk of nutrients from wetland sediments in dry season was higher than that in wet season.

• Key words：karst wetlands  dry and wet season  surface sediments  nutrients  distribution characteristics  pollution assessment

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