潘翔,石培基,吴娜.基于生态系统服务均衡性视角的生态风险评估及管控优先区识别——以兰州市为例[J].环境科学学报,2020,40(2):724-733
基于生态系统服务均衡性视角的生态风险评估及管控优先区识别——以兰州市为例
- Ecological risk assessment and identification of priority areas for management and control based on the perspective of ecosystem services equilibrium: A case study of Lanzhou
- 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（No.41271133，41771130）
- 潘翔
- 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 兰州 730070
- 石培基
- 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 兰州 730070
- 吴娜
- 1. 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 兰州 730070;2. 西北师范大学马克思主义学院, 兰州 730070
- 摘要：生态系统服务是生态安全的前提和保障，将生态系统服务纳入生态风险评价，是当前生态风险评价研究的热点和前沿.本文以河谷型城市兰州市为例，首先采用InVEST模型评估研究区水质净化、水源供给、土壤保持3种生态系统服务.在此基础上，从均衡性发展视角，基于栅格单元构建区域生态系统服务综合指数算法，合成区域内各类生态系统服务，并分析兰州市综合生态系统服务时空特征.最后，结合生态系统服务正向逆向转化指数和传统生态风险模型，构建基于生态系统服务逆向转化的生态风险评估模型，从生态系统服务均衡性视角对兰州市生态风险进行评估，并识别管控优先区.结果表明：①2005-2015年，兰州市生态系统综合服务整体向好的方向发展，2005、2015年生态系统服务综合指数分别为0.15、0.12.其中，水源供给服务和土壤保持服务整体呈显著增加趋势，水质净化服务相对稳定.②兰州市发生生态系统服务逆向转化的生态系统以1、2、3级低生态风险为主，不同等级风险呈圈层递减的分布格局，不同等级的生态风险在各县区的分布差异较大.③生态风险管控的优先次序是：榆中县、皋兰县、永登县、红古区、西固区、七里河区、城关区、安宁区.其中，榆中县和皋兰县3级及以上风险区占比大于25%，属于重点优先管控区域，永登县是次重点优先管控区域.最后结合《甘肃省主体功能区规划》初步探讨了兰州市生态风险管控策略.
- Abstract：Ecosystem services are the premise and guarantee of ecological security. Integrating ecosystem services into ecological risk assessment is the hotspot and frontier of studies about the current ecological risk assessment. In this study, taking Lanzhou, a valley city, as an example, three ecosystem services including water supply, soil conservation and water purification were evaluated firstly in the study area based on the InVEST model. On these bases, from the perspective of balanced development, based on the grid unit to construct regional ecosystem service comprehensive index algorithm, different kinds of ecosystem services in this region were synthesized, and the spatio-temporal characteristics of Lanzhou integrated ecosystem services were analyzed. Finally, combining the forward reverse transformation index of ecosystem services and the traditional ecological risk model, an ecological risk assessment model based on the reverse transformation of ecosystem services was constructed. The ecological risk of Lanzhou City was evaluated from the perspective of ecosystem services, and the priority areas of management and control were identified. The results show that:① From 2005 to 2015, the overall ecosystem services in Lanzhou City show an increasing trend. The comprehensive indexes of ecosystem services in 2005 and 2015 are 0.15 and 0.12. Among them, the water yield service and soil maintenance services present a significant increasing trend overall, and the water purification service is relatively stable.② The ecosystems with reverse transformation of ecosystem services in Lanzhou City are mainly low-ecological risks of grades 1, 2 and 3. The distribution of different levels of risk is in a decreasing pattern. The distribution of ecological risks of different grades in different counties varies greatly. ③ The priority of ecological risk management and control is:Yuzhong, Gaolan, Yongdeng, Honggu, Xigu, Qilihe, Chengguan and Anning. Among them, the risk areas of Grade 3 and above in Yuzhong and Gaolan County account for more than 25%, belonging to the key priority management area, and Yongdeng County was the second key priority management area. In the end, the ecological risk management and control strategy of Lanzhou City was discussed combining the "Gansu Province Main Functional Area Planning" in this study.
