欧阳敏,喻庆国,赵晓慧,刘建辉,李波,王钧霞,张银烽.剑湖沉积物中有机氯农药的分布特征与风险评估[J].环境科学学报,2019,39(12):4075-4087
剑湖沉积物中有机氯农药的分布特征与风险评估
- The distribution characteristics and the risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides in the sediments of Jianhu Lake
- 基金项目：云南省农业联合青年基金项目（No.2017FG001（-080））；云南省高原湿地科学创新团队（No.2012HC007）
- 欧阳敏
- 西南林业大学, 国家高原湿地研究中心, 湿地学院, 昆明 650224
- 喻庆国
- 西南林业大学, 国家高原湿地研究中心, 湿地学院, 昆明 650224
- 赵晓慧
- 云南省疾病预防控制中心, 昆明 650022
- 刘建辉
- 云南省疾病预防控制中心, 昆明 650022
- 李波
- 西南林业大学, 国家高原湿地研究中心, 湿地学院, 昆明 650224
- 王钧霞
- 西南林业大学, 国家高原湿地研究中心, 湿地学院, 昆明 650224
- 张银烽
- 西南林业大学, 国家高原湿地研究中心, 湿地学院, 昆明 650224
- 摘要：以典型断陷式高原湖泊剑湖为采样点，采集剑湖表层沉积物样品31个，入湖河流表层沉积物样品23个和潜在污染源地表土样品24个，分析OCPs（有机氯农药）的空间分布特征、污染源及迁移途径，评估其生态风险.研究表明：①剑湖表层沉积物中检测出5种OCPs，含量为异狄氏剂酮 > 异狄氏剂醛 > 狄氏剂 > 七氯 > δ-HCH，总OCPs含量为0~1.92×103 ng·g-1（干重），均值为（340 ±400）ng·g-1.②七氯、异狄氏剂醛和异狄氏剂酮的检出率高，含量最高值分别为17.9、50.6和1.85×103 ng·g-1.三者分布均呈现西南湖湾区 > 北部湖湾区 > 湖心区的特征，其中七氯和异狄氏剂醛的分布具有显著相关性（R2=0.760）.③工厂类潜在污染源的污染贡献大于农田和居民区.七氯的主要潜在污染源为金龙河支流中上游的煤矿开采区（624 ng·g-1）；异狄氏剂醛为狮河下游的木雕加工区（4.32×103 ng·g-1）；异狄氏剂酮为流域南部的采石场（3.07×103 ng·g-1）.3种OCPs的主要迁移途径为入湖河流输入，大气沉降可能为其另一迁移途径.④采用U.S.EPA（美国环保署）临时沉积物基准和NOAA（美国国家海洋和大气管理局）沉积物质量基准分别对上述3种OCPs进行风险评估，结果表明生态风险异狄氏剂酮 > 七氯 > 异狄氏剂醛，异狄氏剂酮可能会对剑湖的生态环境造成严重危害.
- Abstract：Taking the typical plateau lake (Jianhu Lake) as the sampling sites, we collected 31 samples from surface sediments in Jianhu lake, 23 samples from surface sediments in the inflow rivers and 24 samples from potential pollution sources in Jianhu basin to study the distribution, pollution sources, transportation paths and ecological risk of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The results showed that:①5 kinds of OCPs were detectable in sediments of Jianhu lake with the total concentrations of OCPs being of 0~1.92×103 ng·g-1 (dry weight) and the average value being of (340 ±400) ng·g-1, contents of 5 detectable OCPs were in the following order:endrin ketone > endrin aldehyde > dieldrin > heptachlor > δ-HCH. ② Among the 5 kinds of OCPs, heptachlor, endrin aldehyde and endrin ketone were with higher detection rates and the highest values of them were 17.9, 50.6 and 1.85×103 ng·g-1 respectively among all samples. The distribution characteristics of them were with similar trends that the southwestern area > the northern area > the middle of the lake, and the distribution of heptachlor was highly correlated with that of endrin aldehyde (R2=0.760). ③ Speaking of potential pollution sources, local factories contributed more OCPs than that of farmland and residential area. Specifically, the main source of heptachlor was from the coal-mining regions in the middle and upper reaches of a tributary of Jinlong River (624 ng·g-1); the main source of endrin aldehyde was from the wood-craving regions in the downriver of Shihe River (4.32×103 ng·g-1); the main source of aldrin ketone was from a quarry, south of the drainage basin (3.07×103 ng·g-1). These OCPs were mainly transported by rivers, and atmospheric deposition was another possible way to carry these OCPs. ④ The U.S.EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) Interim Sediment Criteria Values and NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Sediment Quality Guidelines were applied to evaluate ecological risks of 3 OCPs, which were in the following order:endrin ketone > heptachlor > endrin aldehyde, and endrin ketone might cause severe harm to ecological environment in Jianhu Lake.
