• 关键词：黑水虻  厨余垃圾  大肠杆菌O157:H7  沙门氏菌  金黄色葡萄球菌  资源化  病害菌灭活

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金（No.31670767）；大连理工大学基本科研业务费（No.DUT17JC35）；大连理工大学盘锦产业技术研究院科技研发项目（No.PJYJY2016A009）

• 姜慧敏
• 1. 大连理工大学海洋科学与技术学院环境生态工程系, 盘锦 124221;2. 大连理工大学工业生态与环境工程教育部重点实验室, 盘锦 124221

• 王文霞
• 1. 大连理工大学盘锦产业技术研究院, 盘锦 124221;2. 启迪桑德环境资源股份有限公司环境研究院, 北京 100084

• 任苗苗
• 大连理工大学海洋科学与技术学院环境生态工程系, 盘锦 124221

• 金宁
• 大连理工大学海洋科学与技术学院环境生态工程系, 盘锦 124221

• 路延
• 大连理工大学海洋科学与技术学院环境生态工程系, 盘锦 124221

• 张守玉
• 大连理工大学海洋科学与技术学院环境生态工程系, 盘锦 124221

• 许建强
• 1. 大连理工大学盘锦产业技术研究院, 盘锦 124221;2. 大连理工大学生命科学与药学学院, 盘锦 124221

• 徐卫平
• 1. 大连理工大学海洋科学与技术学院环境生态工程系, 盘锦 124221;2. 大连理工大学工业生态与环境工程教育部重点实验室, 盘锦 124221;3. 大连理工大学盘锦产业技术研究院, 盘锦 124221

• 摘要：黑水虻能够有效取食厨余垃圾等有机固体废弃物，其自身转化为昆虫蛋白和脂肪等生物质，将厨余垃圾转化为虫沙有机肥，处理过程是一种有机固体废弃物的资源化新方法.为评估黑水虻处理厨余垃圾的效率与安全性，本课题研究黑水虻在厨余垃圾处理过程中，对大肠杆菌O157：H7（EC）、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（ST）及金黄色葡萄球（SA）的灭活能力，评价黑水虻体内的抑菌因子，分析3种病原菌对黑水虻生长增重及厨余转化效率的影响.经过18 d的黑水虻处理，研究发现：①第0和第6 d两次以6.4~7.1 log₁₀ CFU·g^-1的浓度向厨余垃圾中分别接种EC、ST和SA以后，EC经4~6 d处理被全部灭活、ST经3~4 d处理被全部灭活，SA经6 d处理，浓度下降到1.9~2.6 log₁₀ CFU·g^-1，但不能被全部灭活，病原菌的灭活效率呈现EC=ST>SA的趋势（p < 0.001），且黑水虻体内无EC、ST或SA残留；②厨余垃圾降解过程中，初期和中期pH值主要呈现酸性（4.0~5.3），对抑制EC、ST和SA起到了促进作用，后期pH值呈中性至弱碱性；③黑水虻对于EC和ST能够产生自身免疫抑制因子，且抑制活性ST>EC，但对SA无明显的免疫抑制能力，SA的灭活主要依赖于黑水虻肠道菌群的竞争性抑制作用；④黑水虻的体长、体重、预蛹率、产率，以及厨余垃圾的生物转化率和减量化率未受病原菌存在的影响，18 d后EC组、ST组和SA组的预蛹率均达到在80%以上，厨余减量化率分别达到74.0%、79.1%和78.5%，生物转化率分别达到13.0%、13.2%、19.4%.综上，黑水虻能够在彻底灭活EC、ST，99%灭活SA的同时，高效降解厨余垃圾（减量化率>74%），并转化为虫体有机质（虫产率>10%），是一种高效卫生的厨余垃圾资源化方法.今后的研究中，还需要加强以金葡菌为代表的抗逆性病原菌的灭活机制的探讨.

• Abstract：The larvae of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) are effective decomposers of the organic waste such as kitchen residues. The larvae grow into the insectile biomass as the animal feed, and the kitchen wastes are transformed into the frass that can be used as a plant fertilizer, which is a novel strategy for the organic solid waste recycling. In order to evaluate the waste reduction efficiency and bio-safety property of the larval treatment, the present study investigated the inactivation process of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EC), Salmonella typhimurium (ST) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA), evaluated the larval in vivo antibacterial factors, and analyzed the pathogen effects on the larval growth rates and the waste reduction efficiencies. Kitchen waste inoculated with pathogens were treated by the black solider fly larvae (BSFL) for 18 days. The main findings are as following:①The pathogens of EC, ST and SA were inoculated into the kitchen waste to the concentration of 6.4~7.1 log₁₀ CFU·g^-1 on d 0 and 6, respectively. EC was inactivated within 4~6 d, ST was inactivated within 3~4 d, and SA was reduced to 1.9~2.6 log₁₀ CFU·g^-1 within 6 d. however, SA could not be fully eradicated after 18 d. The pathogen inactivation efficiency is in the order:EC=ST > SA. None of the three pathogens were detected within the larval body. ② During the degradation of kitchen waste, the environmental pH maintained at acid condition (4.0~5.3) at the early and middle stage of the treatment, which enhanced the pathogen inactivation, and changed to neutral-weak alkaline condition at the late stage of the treatment. ③ The BSFL did develop antimicrobial molecules against EC and ST, with the antimicrobial capability ranked as ST > EC, however, the BSFL did not develop antimicrobial molecules against SA. The larval in vivo inactivation effects against SA were mainly provided by the intestinal bacterial flora and the associated microbial competition effects. ④ The larval length and weight development, prepupae rates, larva production rates, waste bioconversion rates, and waste reduction rates were not affected by the presence of pathogens. In the presence of EC, ST and SA, the prepupae rates all attained >80% after 18 d, the kitchen waste reduction rates achieved 74.0%, 79.1% and 78.5%, respectively, and the waste bioconversion rates reached 13.0%, 13.2% and 19.4%, respectively. Therefore, the BSFL treatment could fully inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium, suppress Staphylococcus aureus for 99%, reduce kitchen waste for > 74% and yield insectile biomass for > 10%, which indicates the BSFL treatment is an efficient and hygienic method for the biotransformation of kitchen waste. Further research should be focused on the inactivation mechanism of the stress-resistant pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus.

• Key words：Black soldier fly larvae  kitchen waste  Escherichia coli O157:H7  Salmonella  Staphylococcus aureus   waste recycling  pathogen inactivation

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