李祚泳,魏小梅,汪嘉杨,张小丽.基于指标规范变换的广义环境系统评价的普适指数公式[J].环境科学学报,2020,40(6):2286-2299
基于指标规范变换的广义环境系统评价的普适指数公式
- Universal index formula for generalized environmental system assessment based on normal transformation of indicators
- 基金项目：国家自然科学基金（No.51679155）；四川省科技厅项目（No.19JDJQ0006）；四川省社科规划项目（No.SC18B027）
- 李祚泳
- 成都信息工程大学, 资源环境学院, 成都 610225
- 魏小梅
- 成都信息工程大学, 资源环境学院, 成都 610225
- 汪嘉杨
- 成都信息工程大学, 资源环境学院, 成都 610225
- 张小丽
- 成都信息工程大学, 资源环境学院, 成都 610225
- 摘要：为了建立适用于广义环境系统评价的普适指数公式，针对传统的环境评价指数公式不具有普适、规范和通用的局限，提出适用于广义环境系统任意指标的参照值和规范变换式的设计原则和方法；该变换要求变换后的任意指标的各分级标准规范值都能被限定在各自的较小区间内，从而用规范值表示的任意指标皆"等效"于同一个规范指标；再分别用不同限定区间内生成的随机数模拟任意指标的不同分级标准的规范值，不同区间内生成的所有随机数组成不同分级标准的全部训练（学习）样本，借助免疫进化算法优化不同评价指数公式中的参数，得到适用于广义环境系统评价的9个（广义）普适指数公式，并论证了公式的可靠性.分别将9个普适指数公式用于北京市朝阳区19个监测井的9项指标的地下水水质的综合评价，以及用于郑州、西安、上海三市2000年可持续发展评价.结果表明：9个普适指数公式用于同一监测井水质的评价结果几乎完全相同，也与传统评价方法的评价结果基本一致；用于郑州、西安、上海三市可持续发展评价的结果分别是3级、3级、2级，比传统评价法更符合实际情况.9个普适指数公式使广义环境系统的评价变得简洁、规范、统一和通用；基于指标规范变换的评价指数公式的建模思想和方法对建立广义环境系统的普适智能评价模型有借鉴作用.
- Abstract：the purpose of this study is to establish a universal index formula for the evaluation of generalized environmental systems. In view of the limitation of traditional environmental evaluation index formula that is not universal, standard and general, the design principle and method of reference value and normative transformation formula suitable for any index of generalized environmental system are proposed. The transformation requires that the standard values of each grade of any index after transformation can be limited to their own smaller cells, so that any index represented by the standard value is "equivalent" to the same standard index. Then the random numbers generated in different limited intervals are used to simulate the standard values of different classification standards for any index. All the random numbers generated in different intervals constitute all training (learning) samples of different classification standards. By using immune evolutionary algorithm to optimize the parameters in different evaluation index formulas, nine (generalized) universal index formulas for the evaluation of generalized environmental systems are obtained, and the reliability of the formulas is demonstrated. Nine universal index formulas are applied to the comprehensive evaluation of groundwater quality of 19 monitoring wells in Chaoyang District, Beijing, and to the evaluation of sustainable development of Zhengzhou, Xi'an and Shanghai in 2000. The results showed that:The evaluation results of nine universal index formulas used in the same monitoring well water quality are almost the same, and also basically consistent with the evaluation results of traditional evaluation methods. The results of their evaluation for the sustainable development of the three cities are all level 3, 3 and 2, which is more in line with the actual situation than the traditional evaluation methods. nine universal index formulas make the evaluation of the generalized environmental system simple, standardized, unified and universal. The modeling ideas and methods of the evaluation index formula based on the transformation of the index specifications are useful for building the universal intelligent evaluation model of the generalized environmental system.
