研究报告
张徐洁,万梅,王晨光,史惠祥,刘锐,赵远.原料材质、产品类型及生产工序对印染废水产生特性的影响研究[J].环境科学学报,2020,40(11):4189-4198
原料材质、产品类型及生产工序对印染废水产生特性的影响研究
- Study on the characteristics of printing and dyeing wastewater produced with different materials, product types and production processes
- 基金项目：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（No.2017ZX07206）
- 作者
- 单位
- 张徐洁
- 1. 常州大学环境与安全工程学院, 常州 213164;2. 浙江清华长三角研究院生态环境研究所, 浙江省水质科学与技术重点实验室, 嘉兴 314006
- 万梅
- 浙江清华长三角研究院生态环境研究所, 浙江省水质科学与技术重点实验室, 嘉兴 314006
- 王晨光
- 中环清科(嘉兴)环境技术研究院有限公司, 嘉兴 314099
- 史惠祥
- 浙江大学环境与资源学院, 杭州 310058
- 刘锐
- 浙江清华长三角研究院生态环境研究所, 浙江省水质科学与技术重点实验室, 嘉兴 314006
- 赵远
- 常州大学环境与安全工程学院, 常州 213164
- 摘要：选取嘉兴市82家印染企业，针对棉、毛、化纤3种典型原材料，研究了织物、纱线、纤维产品在前处理、染色和印花等工段的废水产生量和水质，基于产污强度算法估算了各印染工序的废水产污强度.结果表明：棉、毛、化纤织物印染废水总产生强度分别为90.21、206.02、109.66 L·kg-1织物，漂洗为废水主要产生工序.印染各工段化学需氧量（COD）产生强度普遍较高，特别是棉、化纤织物前处理工段COD产生强度高达136.98和131.67 g·kg-1织物.印染部分工序氮、磷产污强度高，如棉、毛、化纤织物的洗网废水总氮（TN）产生强度为4.98、1.25、2.21 g·kg-1织物，棉纤维、毛织物和毛纱线的染色工序总磷（TP）产生强度为0.28、0.18、0.18 g·kg-1产品，还有棉、化纤的洗网废水TP产生强度为0.30、0.15 g·kg-1产品.利用产污强度及治理设施削减系数估算得出的印染企业各废水污染物排放量，与污染物在线监测数据相比较，相对误差低于30%；将本研究所得各产污强度与第二次全国污染源普查产污系数比较，除印花工段外，两者相对偏差均低于20%.本研究获得的印染行业各产污节点特征和产污强度，可为印染行业的环境精细化管理和产污节点管控提供数据支撑.
- Abstract：Taken 82 printing and dyeing enterprises in Jiaxing City as objectives, the wastewater discharge amount and pollutant concentrations were studied in various production processes including pretreatment, dyeing and printing for products (fabric, yarn and fiber) made from three typical raw materials, cotton, wool and chemical fiber. The wastewater pollution intensity in each printing and dyeing process was then calculated. The results showed that the wastewater emission intensity was 90.21, 206.02 and 109.66 L·kg-1 of products, respectively, for cotton, wool and chemical fiber, of which the rinse water was the main source. It was found that the production intensity of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was generally high in printing and dyeing wastewater, being as high as 136.98 and 131.67 g·kg-1 of products in the pretreatment process of cotton and chemical fiber. The pollution intensities of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were high in some specific processes. For example, TN pollution intensities of wastewater from net-washing of cotton, wool and chemical fibers was as high as 4.98, 1.25 and 2.21 g·kg-1 of products, respectively. Wastewater from dyeing of cotton fiber, wool fabric and wool yarn, as well as that from net-washing of cotton and chemical fiber, also demonstrated high TP pollution intensities. Based on the pollutant intensity in each production process, the annual pollutant discharge in the whole printing and dyeing enterprise was then estimated, and the results were compared to the online monitoring data of the enterprise wastewater treatment plant effluent. It was found that the relative errors of COD, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), TN and TP between the estimated and measured pollutant emission were less than 30%. Compared with the second national pollution source census coefficient, the relative deviation of the pollution intensity is less than 20% except for the printing section. The characteristics and pollution intensity in each pollution node derived above could provide data support for precise environmental management in the printing and dyeing industry.
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