谢培,乔飞,秦延文,王丽婧,李虹.三峡库区水质和水龄数值模拟研究[J].环境科学学报,2021,41(2):574-582
三峡库区水质和水龄数值模拟研究
- Numerical simulation of water quality and water age in the Three Gorges Reservoir
- 基金项目：国家重点研发计划重点专项（No.2017YFC0404702）；国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项子课题（No.2017ZX07107-001）
- 谢培
- 1. 中国环境科学研究院, 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012;2. 中国环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护河口与海岸带环境重点实验室, 北京 100012
- 乔飞
- 中国环境科学研究院, 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012
- 秦延文
- 中国环境科学研究院, 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012
- 王丽婧
- 中国环境科学研究院, 湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室, 北京 100012
- 李虹
- 中国环境科学研究院, 湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室, 北京 100012
- 摘要：三峡水库是我国重要的生态屏障和水资源战略储备库，保护水库的水质安全对于国家经济发展和社会稳定具有重要战略意义.本文基于EFDC模型模拟了2010—2014年三峡库区及主要支流的水动力水质过程，重点研究上游来水和重点支流对库区水质的影响及水龄变化特征，结果表明：①模型可定量研究重点支流输入对库区水质的影响，17条支流中仅金沙江、嘉陵江、乌江和木洞河对库区水质贡献率较大，其他支流总体贡献率小于1%；各支流对库区氨氮、COD和TP的贡献率沿程呈下降趋势，其中，上游来水（金沙江）对库区水质影响最大，高于65%.②丰水期嘉陵江和木洞河对库区水质的贡献率较枯水期增加，增加幅度为4%~23%，主要表现为水质指标氨氮和TP的增加，研究结果可为库区支流富营养化方面的研究提供科学依据.③2010—2014年除寸滩外，干流其他断面水龄呈缓慢增长趋势，干流水龄和各支流河口水龄都呈现上游至坝前的增长趋势，在枯水期和平水期尤为明显；库区水龄与流量和水位存在定量关系，支流河口水龄与支流本身流量也有一定关系.
- Abstract：The Three Gorges Reservoir is an important ecological barrier and strategic reserve of water resources, protecting the water quality of reservoirs is of great strategic significance to the country's economic development and social stability. Based on the EFDC model, this paper simulates the hydrodynamic-water quality process of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and its main branches from 2010 to 2014, the key branches influence on water quality and water age variation were conducted. Results show that the contribution of different branches on water quality only indicate higher contribution in Jinsha River, Jialing River, Wujiang River and Mudong River among the 17 key branches, the upstream (Jinsha River) shows the greatest impact, higher than 65%, while other branches is less than 1%. The contribution rate of ammonia nitrogen, COD and TP in each branch shows a downward trend along the upstream to the dam. In high-flow period, the contribution of Jialing River and Mudong River is larger than that in low-flow period, with an increase of 4%~23%, mainly manifested in ammonia nitrogen and TP, which can provide scientific basis for the study of eutrophication. In addition, a slow increase trend of water age was detected in the main stream from 2010 to 2014, except the Cuntan section. There is an increasing trend of water age from upstream to the dam of the main stream and branches, especially in low-flow period and mean-flow period, the quantitative relationship between reservoir water age and flow and water level was confirmed, and there is also a certain relationship between water age of estuary and flow in each branch.
