邸琰茗,张蕾,叶芝菡,李京辉,何春利,赵立新,黄炳彬,张春光.北运河上游南沙河段与下游城市副中心段鱼类群落分布特征及影响因子研究[J].环境科学学报,2021,41(1):156-163
北运河上游南沙河段与下游城市副中心段鱼类群落分布特征及影响因子研究
- Distribution of fish communities and its influencing factors in the Nansha and Beijing sub-center reaches of the Beiyun River
- 基金项目：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（No.2017ZX07102-001，2017ZX07102-002-004）
- 邸琰茗
- 1. 北京市北运河管理处, 北京 101100;2. 北京市水科学技术研究院, 北京 100048
- 叶芝菡
- 北京市水科学技术研究院, 北京 100048
- 何春利
- 北京市水科学技术研究院, 北京 100048
- 赵立新
- 北京市水科学技术研究院, 北京 100048
- 黄炳彬
- 北京市水科学技术研究院, 北京 100048
- 摘要：根据2019年10月对北运河上游南沙河段与下游城市副中心段鱼类调查数据，采用SPSS统计学方法相关性分析和CCA典范对应分析，研究人为活动因素干扰剧烈的非自然状态条件下，北运河鱼类群落结构及分布特征与环境因子的响应关系.结果表明：在北运河调查到鱼类分属3目5科11属14种，表现为种属偏低、高抗污染、广布型的特征，其中，上游南沙河段鱼类共调查到7种，以麦穗鱼为优势种，典型反映出鱼类群落单一和小型的特征，下游城市副中心段调查到鱼类13种，大鳞副泥鳅、麦穗鱼、泥鳅为优势种.北运河鱼类群落多样性指数整体偏低，上游南沙河段Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数均低于下游城市副中心段鱼类群落各指数，主要与鱼类群落单一小型、栖息地环境及人类活动等因素有关.影响鱼类群落分布的环境因子中，ρ（NO3--N）、ρ（TP）、ρ（COD）对上游南沙河段鱼类群落的分布影响较大，ρ（NH4+-N）、ρ（TP）对下游城市副中心段鱼类群落分布影响较大，多样性指数均表现出与ρ（TP）、ρ（TN）、ρ（NO3--N）呈显著负相关（p<0.01），表明上、下游河段不同的水质状况与鱼类群落分布和多样性特征有一定关联性.未来北运河鱼类群落的恢复应重点围绕水质改善、丰富生境营造等工作开展.该研究可为北运河流域管理特别是河道生态修复工作提供依据，具有一定的区域指导意义.
- Abstract：The Beiyun River is facing intense disturbance caused by human activities which have extensively altered its natural environment. Based on the field survey data of fishes in the Nansha (upstream) and Beijing sub-center (downstream) reaches of the Beiyun River obtained in October 2019, the spatial distribution characteristics and community structure of fishes and the influencing factors were investigated using the correlation analysis of SPSS and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The results showed that there were totally 14 species of fishes in the river and the fishes belong to 3 orders, 5 families and 11 genera. It indicated the characteristics of low species diversity, high pollution resistance and wide distribution. Seven species of fishes were found in the upstream with Pseudorasbora parva as the dominant species, which typically reflected the characteristics of simplification and miniaturization, whereas 13 species of fish were found in the downstream with Paramisgurnus mizolepis, Pseudorasbora parva, and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus as the dominant species. In general, the diversity indices of fishes in the river were relatively low, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef richness index and Pielou evenness index of the upstream were lower than that of the downstream, which was mainly related to the miniaturization of single species, habitat environment, and human activities. Among the environmental factors which influenced the distribution of fish communities, ρ(NO3--N), ρ(TP) and ρ(COD) had greater impacts on the distribution of fishes in the upstream, while ρ(NH4+-N) and ρ(TP) had greater impacts in the downstream. The diversity indices showed significantly negative correlations with ρ(TP), ρ(TN) and ρ(NO3--N)(p<0.01), which indicated that the fish diversity characteristics had a certain correlation with the water quality in both of the upstream and downstream of the river. Those results provided a regional guidance for watershed management of the Beiyun River, especially for river ecological restoration. The ecological restoration of fish communities of the Beiyun River should focus on the water quality improvement and creation of rich habitats.
