研究论文
缪丽萍,张千千.绿色屋面降雨径流水质源汇特征及污染源解析[J].环境科学学报,2021,41(5):1940-1949
绿色屋面降雨径流水质源汇特征及污染源解析
- Characteristics of source and sink of runoff in green roof and the pollutant source analysis
- 基金项目：城市与区域生态国家重点实验室开放基金（No.SKLURE2019-2-3）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（No.41401593）
- 作者
- 单位
- 缪丽萍
- 河北省农业区划办公室, 石家庄 050000
- 张千千
- 中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所, 石家庄 050061
- 摘要：2016年4月—2017年10月对93场降雨事件绿色屋面径流、沥青屋面径流和干湿沉降进行采样分析，运用多元统计方法，基于径流水质浓度和污染负荷两种角度，重点揭示绿色屋面径流水质的源汇特征，识别绿色屋面对降雨径流的滞留能力及影响因素，探讨了绿色屋面径流的污染来源.结果表明：绿色屋面具有很好的径流滞留效果，平均径流滞留率达到53.4%.绿色屋面径流滞留率月变化受到降雨量的显著影响，表现为在丰水期7、8和10月径流滞留率（73.6%、80.9%和93.6%）小于枯水期4、5、11和12月滞留率（100%）.绿色屋面径流滞留率与降雨量和降雨历时表现出显著的负相关关系，与雨前干期相关性较弱.基于径流水质，绿色屋面显著增加了径流中EC、COD、TOC、K+、Ca2+、Cl-和SO42-的浓度，是它们的污染源，但显著降低了径流中NH4+-N和Zn的浓度，是它们的汇；基于污染负荷，绿色屋面仅是K+、Cl-和SO42-的污染源，是NH4+-N和Zn的汇.绿色屋面存在4类污染源，即有机物和重金属源（来自于泥炭土和沥青油毡）、离子污染源（来自于泥炭土和蛭石）、物化污染源和营养物质污染源（来自于泥炭土和大气沉降）.研究结果可为绿色屋面的科学设计，管理和控制城市暴雨径流提供科学依据.
- Abstract：93 rainfall event samples (from April, 2016 to October, 2017) from the runoff of green roof and asphalt roof, and the dry and the wet deposition were measured and analyzed. Based on the runoff water quality and pollution load, the characteristics of source and sink of green roof runoff were revealed, the retention capacity of green roof to rainfall runoff and its influencing factors were identified, the pollution source of green roof runoff was discussed by using multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that the green roof effectively retained rainfall runoff, with a mean retention rate of 53.4%. The monthly variation of the green roof runoff retention was obviously affected by rainfall volume. The retention rates of green roof runoff in July, August and October (the retention rates were 73.6%, 80.9% and 93.6%, respectively) was less than that in April, May, November and December (the retention rates in the four month was 100%). There was a significant negative relationship between runoff retention and rainfall volume and rainfall duration (p<0.001). However, the runoff retention capacity of green roof was not significantly affected by the antecedent dry weather period. Compared the runoff water quality of the green roof, control roof and the dry and the wet deposition, it was found that the green roof significantly reduced the concentration of NH4+-N and Zn, while, it significantly increased the concentration of EC, COD, TOC, K+, Ca2+, Cl- and SO42-. Based on the pollutants loads in different samples, we found that the green roof was a sink for NH4+-N and Zn, while it was a source for K+, Cl- and SO42-. Four potential pollution sources to green roof runoff were apportioned by using principal component analysis: organic and metal sources (from peat soil and asphalt felt), ion sources (from peat soil and vermiculite), physicochemical sources, and nutrient pollution sources (from peat soil and atmospheric deposition). These results provide a scientific basis for the design and application of green roofs to manage and control urban storm runoff.
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